Muscle Tests
Copyright Feb 2003
1 ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS. 4
2 ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS. 5
3 ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS. 6
4 ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI 7
5 ADDUCTOR BREVIS. 8
6 ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS. 9
7 ADDUCTOR LONGUS. 10
8 ADDUCTOR MAGNUS. 11
9 ADDUCTOR POLLICIS. 12
10 ANCONEUS. 13
11 ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS GENERAL. 14
12 BICEPS BRACHII 15
13 BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral
Hamstring) 15
14 BRACHIALIS. 16
15 ABDOMINAL MUSCLES GENERAL. 17
16 ABDOMINAL MUSCLES LOWER. 18
17 ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE GENERAL. 19
18 ADDUCTOR POLLICIS. 20
19 ANCONEUS. 21
20 BACK MUSCLES GENERAL. 22
21 BICEPS BRACHII 23
22 BICEPS BRACHII & BRACHIALIS. 24
23 BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral
Hamstring) 25
24 BRACHIALIS. 26
25 BRACHIORADIALIS. 27
26 CORACOBRACHIALIS. 28
27 DELTOID ANTERIOR. 29
28 DELTOID ANTERIOR & DELTOID
POSTERIOR (SITTING) 30
29 DELTOID ANTERIOR (SUPINE) &
DELTOID POSTERIOR (PRONE) 31
30 DELTOID MIDDLE. 31
31 DELTOID POSTERIOR. 32
32 DORSAL INTEROSSEI (FOOT) 33
33 DORSAL INTEROSSEI (HAND) 34
34 EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
& BREVIS. 35
35 EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS. 36
36 EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS &
BREVIS. 37
37 EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS &
BREVIS. 40
38 EXTENSOR INDICIS, EXTENSOR
DIGITI MINIMI & EXTENSOR DIGITORUM. 44
39 EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS. 45
40 EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS. 46
41 EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=ANT
DIV. 47
42 EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=LAT
DIV. 48
43 FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS (HAND) 49
44 FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS (HAND) 50
45 FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS
(HAND) 51
46 FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS. 52
47 FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
& QUADRATUS PLANTAE. 53
48 FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS. 54
49 FLEXOR DIGITORUM
SUPERFICIALIS. 55
50 FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS. 56
51 FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS. 57
52 FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS. 60
53 FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS. 61
54 GASTROCNEMIUS. 62
55 GASTROCNEMIUS, PLANTARIS
& ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS. 66
56 GLUTEUS MAXIMUS. 71
57 GLUTEUS MEDIUS. 71
58 GLUTEUS MINIMUS ANT &
POST. 72
59 GRACILIS. 73
60 GRACILIS & HAMSTRINGS. 74
61 HIP FLEXORS. 75
62 HIP ADDUCTORS. 76
63 ILIACUS. 77
64 ILIOCOSTALIS CERVICIS. 78
65 ILIOCOSTALIS LUMBORUM. 79
66 ILIOCOSTALIS THORACIS. 80
67 ILIOPSOAS & PSOAS MINOR. 81
68 INFRASPINATUS. 82
69 INTERNAL ABDOMINAL
OBLIQUE=ANT DIV. 83
70 INTERNAL ABDOMINAL
OBLIQUE=LAT DIV. 84
71 LATERAL TRUNK FLEXORS AND
HIP ABDUCTORS GENERAL. 85
72 LATERAL ROTATORS HIP. 86
73 LATISSIMUS DORSI 87
74 LEVATOR SCAPULAE. 87
75 LONGISSIMUS CAPITIS. 88
76 LONGISSIMUS CERVICIS. 89
77 LONGISSIMUS THORACIS. 90
78 LONGUS CAPITIS. 91
79 LONGUS COLLI 92
80 LUMBRICALS (FOOT) & INTEROSSEI 93
81 LUMBRICALS (HAND) &
INTEROSSEI 94
82 MEDIAL ROTATORS HIP. 95
83 OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI 96
84 OPPONENS POLLICIS. 97
85 PALMAR INTEROSSEI (HAND) 98
86 PALMARIS LONGUS & BREVIS
(HAND) 99
87 PECTINEUS. 100
88 PECTORALIS MAJOR CLAVICULAR. 101
89 PECTORALIS MAJOR STERNAL. 102
90 PECTORALIS MINOR. 103
91 PERONEUS LONGUS & BREVIS. 103
92 PERONEUS TERTIUS. 104
93 PIRIFORMIS. 105
94 PLANTAR INTEROSSEI (FOOT) 106
95 POPLITEUS. 107
96 PRONATOR QUADRATUS. 108
97 PRONATOR TERES. 109
98 PRONATOR TERES &
PRONATOR QUADRATUS. 110
99 PSOAS. 111
100 PYRAMIDALIS. 112
101 QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GENERAL. 113
102 QUADRATUS LUMBORUM. 114
103 RECTUS ABDOMINIS. 115
104 RECTUS ABDOMINIS (FIRST DIVISION) 116
105 RECTUS ABDOMINIS (SECOND DIVISION) 117
106 RECTUS ABDOMINIS (THIRD DIVISION) 118
107 RECTUS ABDOMINIS (FOURTH DIVISION LATERAL) 119
108 RECTUS ABDOMINIS (FOURTH DIVISION MEDIAL) 119
109 RECTUS FEMORIS (QUADRICEPS
FEMORIS) 120
110 RHOMBOID, LEVATOR SCAPULAE,
& TRAPEZIUS. 121
111 RHOMBOID MAJOR. 122
112 RHOMBOID MINOR. 123
113 SARTORIUS. 124
114 SCALENUS ANTERIOR. 125
115 SCALENUS MEDIUS. 126
116 SCALENUS POSTERIOR. 127
117 SEMIMEMBRANOSUS. 128
118 SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS. 129
119 SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS. 130
120 SEMISPINALIS THORACIS. 131
121 SEMITENDINOSUS. 132
122 SERRATUS ANTERIOR. 133
123 SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR. 134
124 SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR. 134
125 SHOULDER MEDIAL ROTATORS. 135
126 SHOULDER LATERAL ROTATORS. 136
127 SOLEUS. 137
128 SPINALIS CAPITIS. 138
129 SPINALIS CERVICIS. 139
130 SPINALIS THORACIS. 140
131 SPLENIUS CAPITIS. 141
132 SPLENIUS CERVICIS. 142
133 STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID. 143
134 SUBCLAVIUS. 144
135 SUBSCAPULARIS. 145
136 SUPINATOR. 146
137 SUPINATOR & BICEPS. 147
138 SUPRASPINATUS. 148
139 SUPRASPINATUS & MIDDLE
DELTOID. 149
140 TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE. 150
141 TERES MAJOR. 150
142 TERES MINOR. 151
143 TIBIALIS ANTERIOR. 152
144 TIBIALIS POSTERIOR. 153
145 TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS. 154
146 TRAPEZIUS LOWER. 155
147 TRAPEZIUS MIDDLE. 156
148 TRAPEZIUS UPPER. 157
149 TRICEPS BRACHII 158
150 TRICEPS BRACHII &
ANCONEUS. 159
151 VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
(QUADRICEPS FEMORIS) 160
152 VASTUS LATERALIS (QUADRICEPS
FEMORIS) 161
153 VASTUS MEDIALIS (QUADRICEPS
FEMORIS) 162
154. 163
155. 164
1
ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS
Back
Table of Contents References
1.1
Testing Position
1.1.1
1.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
1.2.1
1.3
Stabilization
1.3.1
1.4
Test
1.4.1
1.5
Pressure
1.5.1
1.6
Weakness
1.6.1
1.7
Shortness
1.7.1
1.8
Body Language of Weakness
1.8.1
Testing Position
1.8.1.1
1.8.2
During Test
1.8.2.1
1.8.3
Movement aberrations
1.8.3.1
1.8.4
Postural Imbalance
1.8.4.1
1.9
Alternate Testing Method
1.9.1
1.10
Graphic Illustration
1.11
Video Demonstration
1.12
Organ Reflexes
1.12.1
None
1.13
Meridian Association
1.13.1
1.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
1.14.1
1.15
Nutritional
1.15.1
1.16
General Discussion
1.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
2.1
Testing Position
2.1.1
2.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
2.2.1
2.3
Stabilization
2.3.1
2.4
Test
2.4.1
2.5
Pressure
2.5.1
2.6
Weakness
2.6.1
2.7
Shortness
2.7.1
2.8
Body Language of Weakness
2.8.1
Testing Position
2.8.1.1
2.8.2
During Test
2.8.2.1
2.8.3
Movement aberrations
2.8.3.1
2.8.4
Postural Imbalance
2.8.4.1
2.9
Alternate Testing Method
2.9.1
2.10
Graphic Illustration
2.11
Video Demonstration
2.12
Organ Reflexes
2.12.1
None
2.13
Meridian Association
2.13.1
2.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
2.14.1
2.15
Nutritional
2.15.1
2.16
General Discussion
2.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
3.1
Testing Position
3.1.1
3.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
3.2.1
3.3
Stabilization
3.3.1
3.4
Test
3.4.1
3.5
Pressure
3.5.1
3.6
Weakness
3.6.1
3.7
Shortness
3.7.1
3.8
Body Language of Weakness
3.8.1
Testing Position
3.8.1.1
3.8.2
During Test
3.8.2.1
3.8.3
Movement aberrations
3.8.3.1
3.8.4
Postural Imbalance
3.8.4.1
3.9
Alternate Testing Method
3.9.1
3.10
Graphic Illustration
3.11
Video Demonstration
3.12
Organ Reflexes
3.12.1
None
3.13
Meridian Association
3.13.1
3.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
3.14.1
3.15
Nutritional
3.15.1
3.16
General Discussion
3.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
4.1
Testing Position
4.1.1
4.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
4.2.1
4.3
Stabilization
4.3.1
4.4
Test
4.4.1
4.5
Pressure
4.5.1
4.6
Weakness
4.6.1
4.7
Shortness
4.7.1
4.8
Body Language of Weakness
4.8.1
Testing Position
4.8.1.1
4.8.2
During Test
4.8.2.1
4.8.3
Movement aberrations
4.8.3.1
4.8.4
Postural Imbalance
4.8.4.1
4.9
Alternate Testing Method
4.9.1
4.10
Graphic Illustration
4.11
Video Demonstration
4.12
Organ Reflexes
4.12.1
None
4.13
Meridian Association
4.13.1
4.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
4.14.1
4.15
Nutritional
4.15.1
4.16
General Discussion
4.16.1
5
ADDUCTOR BREVIS
Back
Table of Contents References
5.1
Testing Position
5.1.1
5.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
5.2.1
5.3
Stabilization
5.3.1
5.4
Test
5.4.1
5.5
Pressure
5.5.1
5.6
Weakness
5.6.1
5.7
Shortness
5.7.1
5.8
Body Language of Weakness
5.8.1
Testing Position
5.8.1.1
5.8.2
During Test
5.8.2.1
5.8.3
Movement aberrations
5.8.3.1
5.8.4
Postural Imbalance
5.8.4.1
5.9
Alternate Testing Method
5.9.1
5.10
Graphic Illustration
5.11
Video Demonstration
5.12
Organ Reflexes
5.12.1
None
5.13
Meridian Association
5.13.1
5.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
5.14.1
5.15
Nutritional
5.15.1
5.16
General Discussion
5.16.1
6
ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS
Back
Table of Contents References
6.1
Testing Position
6.1.1
6.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
6.2.1
6.3
Stabilization
6.3.1
6.4
Test
6.4.1
6.5
Pressure
6.5.1
6.6
Weakness
6.6.1
6.7
Shortness
6.7.1
6.8
Body Language of Weakness
6.8.1
Testing Position
6.8.1.1
6.8.2
During Test
6.8.2.1
6.8.3
Movement aberrations
6.8.3.1
6.8.4
Postural Imbalance
6.8.4.1
6.9
Alternate Testing Method
6.9.1
6.10
Graphic Illustration
6.11
Video Demonstration
6.12
Organ Reflexes
6.12.1
None
6.13
Meridian Association
6.13.1
6.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
6.14.1
6.15
Nutritional
6.15.1
6.16
General Discussion
6.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
7.1
Testing Position
7.1.1
7.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
7.2.1
7.3
Stabilization
7.3.1
7.4
Test
7.4.1
7.5
Pressure
7.5.1
7.6
Weakness
7.6.1
7.7
Shortness
7.7.1
7.8
Body Language of Weakness
7.8.1
Testing Position
7.8.1.1
7.8.2
During Test
7.8.2.1
7.8.3
Movement aberrations
7.8.3.1
7.8.4
Postural Imbalance
7.8.4.1
7.9
Alternate Testing Method
7.9.1
7.10
Graphic Illustration
7.11
Video Demonstration
7.12
Organ Reflexes
7.12.1
None
7.13
Meridian Association
7.13.1
7.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
7.14.1
7.15
Nutritional
7.15.1
7.16
General Discussion
7.16.1
8
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
Back
Table of Contents References
8.1
Testing Position
8.1.1
8.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
8.2.1
8.3
Stabilization
8.3.1
8.4
Test
8.4.1
8.5
Pressure
8.5.1
8.6
Weakness
8.6.1
8.7
Shortness
8.7.1
8.8
Body Language of Weakness
8.8.1
Testing Position
8.8.1.1
8.8.2
During Test
8.8.2.1
8.8.3
Movement aberrations
8.8.3.1
8.8.4
Postural Imbalance
8.8.4.1
8.9
Alternate Testing Method
8.9.1
8.10
Graphic Illustration
8.11
Video Demonstration
8.12
Organ Reflexes
8.12.1
None
8.13
Meridian Association
8.13.1
8.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
8.14.1
8.15
Nutritional
8.15.1
8.16
General Discussion
8.16.1
9
ADDUCTOR POLLICIS
Back
Table of Contents References
9.1
Testing Position
9.1.1
9.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
9.2.1
9.3
Stabilization
9.3.1
9.4
Test
9.4.1
9.5
Pressure
9.5.1
9.6
Weakness
9.6.1
9.7
Shortness
9.7.1
9.8
Body Language of Weakness
9.8.1
Testing Position
9.8.1.1
9.8.2
During Test
9.8.2.1
9.8.3
Movement aberrations
9.8.3.1
9.8.4
Postural Imbalance
9.8.4.1
9.9
Alternate Testing Method
9.9.1
9.10
Graphic Illustration
9.11
Video Demonstration
9.12
Organ Reflexes
9.12.1
None
9.13
Meridian Association
9.13.1
9.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
9.14.1
9.15
Nutritional
9.15.1
9.16
General Discussion
9.16.1
10
ANCONEUS
Back
Table of Contents References
10.1
Testing Position
10.1.1
10.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
10.2.1
10.3
Stabilization
10.3.1
10.4
Test
10.4.1
10.5
Pressure
10.5.1
10.6
Weakness
10.6.1
10.7
Shortness
10.7.1
10.8
Body Language of Weakness
10.8.1
Testing Position
10.8.1.1
10.8.2
During Test
10.8.2.1
10.8.3
Movement aberrations
10.8.3.1
10.8.4
Postural Imbalance
10.8.4.1
10.9
Alternate Testing Method
10.9.1
10.10
Graphic Illustration
10.11
Video Demonstration
10.12
Organ Reflexes
10.13
Meridian Association
10.13.1
10.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
10.14.1
10.15
Nutritional
10.15.1
10.16
General Discussion
10.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
11.1
Testing Position
11.1.1
11.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
11.2.1
11.3
Stabilization
11.3.1
11.4
Test
11.4.1
11.5
Pressure
11.5.1
11.6
Weakness
11.6.1
11.7
Shortness
11.7.1
11.8
Body Language of Weakness
11.8.1
Testing Position
11.8.1.1
11.8.2
During Test
11.8.2.1
11.8.3
Movement aberrations
11.8.3.1
11.8.4
Postural Imbalance
11.8.4.1
11.9
Alternate Testing Method
11.9.1
11.10
Graphic Illustration
11.11
Video Demonstration
11.12
Organ Reflexes
11.13
Meridian Association
11.13.1
11.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
11.14.1
11.15
Nutritional
11.15.1
11.16
General Discussion
11.16.1
12
BICEPS BRACHII
Back
Table of Contents References
12.1
Testing Position
12.1.1
12.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
12.2.1
12.3
Stabilization
12.3.1
12.4
Test
12.4.1
12.5
Pressure
12.5.1
12.6
Weakness
12.6.1
12.7
Shortness
12.7.1
12.8
Body Language of Weakness
12.8.1
Testing Position
12.8.1.1
12.8.2
During Test
12.8.2.1
12.8.3
Movement aberrations
12.8.3.1
12.8.4
Postural Imbalance
12.8.4.1
12.9
Alternate Testing Method
12.9.1
12.10
Graphic Illustration
12.11
Video Demonstration
12.12
Organ Reflexes
12.12.1
None
12.13
Meridian Association
12.13.1
12.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
12.14.1
12.15
Nutritional
12.15.1
12.16
General Discussion
12.16.1
13
BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral Hamstring)
Back
Table of Contents References
13.1
Testing Position
13.1.1
13.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
13.2.1
13.3
Stabilization
13.3.1
13.4
Test
13.4.1
13.5
Pressure
13.5.1
13.6
Weakness
13.6.1
13.7
Shortness
13.7.1
13.8
Body Language of Weakness
13.8.1
Testing Position
13.8.1.1
13.8.2
During Test
13.8.2.1
13.8.3
Movement aberrations
13.8.3.1
13.8.4
Postural Imbalance
13.8.4.1
13.9
Alternate Testing Method
13.9.1
13.10
Graphic Illustration
13.11
Video Demonstration
13.12
Organ Reflexes
13.13
Meridian Association
13.13.1
13.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
13.14.1
13.15
Nutritional
13.15.1
13.16
General Discussion
13.16.1
14
BRACHIALIS
Back
Table of Contents References
14.1
Testing Position
14.1.1
14.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
14.2.1
14.3
Stabilization
14.3.1
14.4
Test
14.4.1
14.5
Pressure
14.5.1
14.6
Weakness
14.6.1
14.7
Shortness
14.7.1
14.8
Body Language of Weakness
14.8.1
Testing Position
14.8.1.1
14.8.2
During Test
14.8.2.1
14.8.3
Movement aberrations
14.8.3.1
14.8.4
Postural Imbalance
14.8.4.1
14.9
Alternate Testing Method
14.9.1
14.10
Graphic Illustration
14.11
Video Demonstration
14.12
Organ Reflexes
14.13
Meridian Association
14.13.1
14.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
14.14.1
14.15
Nutritional
14.15.1
14.16
General Discussion
14.16.1
Back Table of Contents References
15.1 Testing Position
15.1.1
15.2 Patient Fixation Requirements
15.2.1
15.3 Stabilization
15.3.1
15.4 Test
15.4.1
15.5 Pressure
15.5.1
15.6 Weakness
15.6.1
15.7 Shortness
15.7.1
15.8 Body Language of Weakness
15.8.1
Testing Position
15.8.1.1
15.8.2
During Test
15.8.2.1
15.8.3
Movement aberrations
15.8.3.1
15.8.4
Postural Imbalance
15.8.4.1
15.9 Alternate Testing Method
15.9.1
15.10
Graphic Illustration
15.11
Video Demonstration
15.12
Organ Reflexes
15.13
Meridian Association
15.13.1
15.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
15.14.1
15.15
Nutritional
15.15.1
15.16
General Discussion
15.16.1
Back Table of Contents References
16.1 Testing Position
16.1.1
16.2 Patient Fixation Requirements
16.2.1
16.3 Stabilization
16.3.1
16.4 Test
16.4.1
16.5 Pressure
16.5.1
16.6 Weakness
16.6.1
16.7 Shortness
16.7.1
16.8 Body Language of Weakness
16.8.1
Testing Position
16.8.1.1
16.8.2
During Test
16.8.2.1
16.8.3
Movement aberrations
16.8.3.1
16.8.4
Postural Imbalance
16.8.4.1
16.9 Alternate Testing Method
16.9.1
16.10
Graphic Illustration
16.11
Video Demonstration
16.12
Organ Reflexes
16.13
Meridian Association
16.13.1
16.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
16.14.1
16.15
Nutritional
16.15.1
16.16
General Discussion
16.16.1
Back Table of Contents References
17.1 Testing Position
17.1.1
17.2 Patient Fixation Requirements
17.2.1
17.3 Stabilization
17.3.1
17.4 Test
17.4.1
17.5 Pressure
17.5.1
17.6 Weakness
17.6.1
17.7 Shortness
17.7.1
17.8 Body Language of Weakness
17.8.1
Testing Position
17.8.1.1
17.8.2
During Test
17.8.2.1
17.8.3
Movement aberrations
17.8.3.1
17.8.4
Postural Imbalance
17.8.4.1
17.9 Alternate Testing Method
17.9.1
17.10
Graphic Illustration
17.11
Video Demonstration
17.12
Organ Reflexes
17.13
Meridian Association
17.13.1
17.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
17.14.1
17.15
Nutritional
17.15.1
17.16
General Discussion
17.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
18.1
Testing Position
18.1.1
18.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
18.2.1
18.3
Stabilization
18.3.1
18.4
Test
18.4.1
18.5
Pressure
18.5.1
18.6
Weakness
18.6.1
18.7
Shortness
18.7.1
18.8
Body Language of Weakness
18.8.1
Testing Position
18.8.1.1
18.8.2
During Test
18.8.2.1
18.8.3
Movement aberrations
18.8.3.1
18.8.4
Postural Imbalance
18.8.4.1
18.9
Alternate Testing Method
18.9.1
18.10
Graphic Illustration
18.11
Video Demonstration
18.12
Organ Reflexes
18.12.1
None
18.13
Meridian Association
18.13.1
18.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
18.14.1
18.15
Nutritional
18.15.1
18.16
General Discussion
18.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
19.1
Testing Position
19.1.1
19.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
19.2.1
19.3
Stabilization
19.3.1
19.4
Test
19.4.1
19.5
Pressure
19.5.1
19.6
Weakness
19.6.1
19.7
Shortness
19.7.1
19.8
Body Language of Weakness
19.8.1
Testing Position
19.8.1.1
19.8.2
During Test
19.8.2.1
19.8.3
Movement aberrations
19.8.3.1
19.8.4
Postural Imbalance
19.8.4.1
19.9
Alternate Testing Method
19.9.1
19.10
Graphic Illustration
19.11
Video Demonstration
19.12
Organ Reflexes
19.13
Meridian Association
19.13.1
19.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
19.14.1
19.15
Nutritional
19.15.1
19.16
General Discussion
19.16.1
Back Table of Contents References
20.1 Testing Position
20.1.1
20.2 Patient Fixation Requirements
20.2.1
20.3 Stabilization
20.3.1
20.4 Test
20.4.1
20.5 Pressure
20.5.1
20.6 Weakness
20.6.1
20.7 Shortness
20.7.1
20.8 Body Language of Weakness
20.8.1
Testing Position
20.8.1.1
20.8.2
During Test
20.8.2.1
20.8.3
Movement aberrations
20.8.3.1
20.8.4
Postural Imbalance
20.8.4.1
20.9 Alternate Testing Method
20.9.1
20.10
Graphic Illustration
20.11
Video Demonstration
20.12
Organ Reflexes
20.13
Meridian Association
20.13.1
20.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
20.14.1
20.15
Nutritional
20.15.1
20.16
General Discussion
20.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
21.1
Testing Position
21.1.1
21.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
21.2.1
21.3
Stabilization
21.3.1
21.4
Test
21.4.1
21.5
Pressure
21.5.1
21.6
Weakness
21.6.1
21.7
Shortness
21.7.1
21.8
Body Language of Weakness
21.8.1
Testing Position
21.8.1.1
21.8.2
During Test
21.8.2.1
21.8.3
Movement aberrations
21.8.3.1
21.8.4
Postural Imbalance
21.8.4.1
21.9
Alternate Testing Method
21.9.1
21.10
Graphic Illustration
21.11
Video Demonstration
21.12
Organ Reflexes
21.13
Meridian Association
21.13.1
21.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
21.14.1
21.15
Nutritional
21.15.1
21.16
General Discussion
21.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
22.1
Testing Position
22.1.1
22.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
22.2.1
22.3
Stabilization
22.3.1
22.4
Test
22.4.1
22.5
Pressure
22.5.1
22.6
Weakness
22.6.1
22.7
Shortness
22.7.1
22.8
Body Language of Weakness
22.8.1
Testing Position
22.8.1.1
22.8.2
During Test
22.8.2.1
22.8.3
Movement aberrations
22.8.3.1
22.8.4
Postural Imbalance
22.8.4.1
22.9
Alternate Testing Method
22.9.1
22.10
Graphic Illustration
22.11
Video Demonstration
22.12
Organ Reflexes
22.13
Meridian Association
22.13.1
22.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
22.14.1
22.15
Nutritional
22.15.1
22.16
General Discussion
22.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
23.1
Testing Position
23.1.1
23.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
23.2.1
23.3
Stabilization
23.3.1
23.4
Test
23.4.1
23.5
Pressure
23.5.1
23.6
Weakness
23.6.1
23.7
Shortness
23.7.1
23.8
Body Language of Weakness
23.8.1
Testing Position
23.8.1.1
23.8.2
During Test
23.8.2.1
23.8.3
Movement aberrations
23.8.3.1
23.8.4
Postural Imbalance
23.8.4.1
23.9
Alternate Testing Method
23.9.1
23.10
Graphic Illustration
23.11
Video Demonstration
23.12
Organ Reflexes
23.13
Meridian Association
23.13.1
23.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
23.14.1
23.15
Nutritional
23.15.1
23.16
General Discussion
23.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
24.1
Testing Position
24.1.1
24.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
24.2.1
24.3
Stabilization
24.3.1
24.4
Test
24.4.1
24.5
Pressure
24.5.1
24.6
Weakness
24.6.1
24.7
Shortness
24.7.1
24.8
Body Language of Weakness
24.8.1
Testing Position
24.8.1.1
24.8.2
During Test
24.8.2.1
24.8.3
Movement aberrations
24.8.3.1
24.8.4
Postural Imbalance
24.8.4.1
24.9
Alternate Testing Method
24.9.1
24.10
Graphic Illustration
24.11
Video Demonstration
24.12
Organ Reflexes
24.13
Meridian Association
24.13.1
24.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
24.14.1
24.15
Nutritional
24.15.1
24.16
General Discussion
24.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
25.1
Testing Position
25.1.1
25.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
25.2.1
25.3
Stabilization
25.3.1
25.4
Test
25.4.1
25.5
Pressure
25.5.1
25.6
Weakness
25.6.1
25.7
Shortness
25.7.1
25.8
Body Language of Weakness
25.8.1
Testing Position
25.8.1.1
25.8.2
During Test
25.8.2.1
25.8.3
Movement aberrations
25.8.3.1
25.8.4
Postural Imbalance
25.8.4.1
25.9
Alternate Testing Method
25.9.1
25.10
Graphic Illustration
25.11
Video Demonstration
25.12
Organ Reflexes
25.13
Meridian Association
25.13.1
25.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
25.14.1
25.15
Nutritional
25.15.1
25.16
General Discussion
25.16.1
26
CORACOBRACHIALIS
Back
Table of Contents References
26.1
Testing Position
26.1.1
26.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
26.2.1
26.3
Stabilization
26.3.1
26.4
Test
26.4.1
26.5
Pressure
26.5.1
26.6
Weakness
26.6.1
26.7
Shortness
26.7.1
26.8
Body Language of Weakness
26.8.1
Testing Position
26.8.1.1
26.8.2
During Test
26.8.2.1
26.8.3
Movement aberrations
26.8.3.1
26.8.4
Postural Imbalance
26.8.4.1
26.9
Alternate Testing Method
26.9.1
26.10
Graphic Illustration
26.11
Video Demonstration
26.12
Organ Reflexes
26.12.1
None
26.13
Meridian Association
26.13.1
26.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
26.14.1
26.15
Nutritional
26.15.1
26.16
General Discussion
26.16.1
27
DELTOID ANTERIOR
Back
Table of Contents References
27.1
Testing Position
27.1.1
27.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
27.2.1
27.3
Stabilization
27.3.1
27.4
Test
27.4.1
27.5
Pressure
27.5.1
27.6
Weakness
27.6.1
27.7
Shortness
27.7.1
27.8
Body Language of Weakness
27.8.1
Testing Position
27.8.1.1
27.8.2
During Test
27.8.2.1
27.8.3
Movement aberrations
27.8.3.1
27.8.4
Postural Imbalance
27.8.4.1
27.9
Alternate Testing Method
27.9.1
27.10
Graphic Illustration
27.11
Video Demonstration
27.12
Organ Reflexes
27.12.1
None
27.13
Meridian Association
27.13.1
27.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
27.14.1
27.15
Nutritional
27.15.1
27.16
General Discussion
27.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
28.1
Testing Position
28.1.1
28.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
28.2.1
28.3
Stabilization
28.3.1
28.4
Test
28.4.1
28.5
Pressure
28.5.1
28.6
Weakness
28.6.1
28.7
Shortness
28.7.1
28.8
Body Language of Weakness
28.8.1
Testing Position
28.8.1.1
28.8.2
During Test
28.8.2.1
28.8.3
Movement aberrations
28.8.3.1
28.8.4
Postural Imbalance
28.8.4.1
28.9
Alternate Testing Method
28.9.1
28.10
Graphic Illustration
28.11
Video Demonstration
28.12
Organ Reflexes
28.12.1
None
28.13
Meridian Association
28.13.1
28.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
28.14.1
28.15
Nutritional
28.15.1
28.16
General Discussion
28.16.1
29
DELTOID ANTERIOR (SUPINE) & DELTOID POSTERIOR (PRONE)
Back
Table of Contents References
29.1
Testing Position
29.1.1
29.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
29.2.1
29.3
Stabilization
29.3.1
29.4
Test
29.4.1
29.5
Pressure
29.5.1
29.6
Weakness
29.6.1
29.7
Shortness
29.7.1
29.8
Body Language of Weakness
29.8.1
Testing Position
29.8.1.1
29.8.2
During Test
29.8.2.1
29.8.3
Movement aberrations
29.8.3.1
29.8.4
Postural Imbalance
29.8.4.1
29.9
Alternate Testing Method
29.9.1
29.10
Graphic Illustration
29.11
Video Demonstration
29.12
Organ Reflexes
29.12.1
None
29.13
Meridian Association
29.13.1
29.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
29.14.1
29.15
Nutritional
29.15.1
29.16
General Discussion
29.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
30.1
Testing Position
30.1.1
30.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
30.2.1
30.3
Stabilization
30.3.1
30.4
Test
30.4.1
30.5
Pressure
30.5.1
30.6
Weakness
30.6.1
30.7
Shortness
30.7.1
30.8
Body Language of Weakness
30.8.1
Testing Position
30.8.1.1
30.8.2
During Test
30.8.2.1
30.8.3
Movement aberrations
30.8.3.1
30.8.4
Postural Imbalance
30.8.4.1
30.9
Alternate Testing Method
30.9.1
30.10
Graphic Illustration
30.11
Video Demonstration
30.12
Organ Reflexes
30.12.1
None
30.13
Meridian Association
30.13.1
30.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
30.14.1
30.15
Nutritional
30.15.1
30.16
General Discussion
30.16.1
31
DELTOID POSTERIOR
Back
Table of Contents References
31.1
Testing Position
31.1.1
31.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
31.2.1
31.3
Stabilization
31.3.1
31.4
Test
31.4.1
31.5
Pressure
31.5.1
31.6
Weakness
31.6.1
31.7
Shortness
31.7.1
31.8
Body Language of Weakness
31.8.1
Testing Position
31.8.1.1
31.8.2
During Test
31.8.2.1
31.8.3
Movement aberrations
31.8.3.1
31.8.4
Postural Imbalance
31.8.4.1
31.9
Alternate Testing Method
31.9.1
31.10
Graphic Illustration
31.11
Video Demonstration
31.12
Organ Reflexes
31.12.1
None
31.13
Meridian Association
31.13.1
31.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
31.14.1
31.15
Nutritional
31.15.1
31.16
General Discussion
31.16.1
32
DORSAL INTEROSSEI (FOOT)
Back
Table of Contents References
32.1
Testing Position
32.1.1
32.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
32.2.1
32.3
Stabilization
32.3.1
32.4
Test
32.4.1
32.5
Pressure
32.5.1
32.6
Weakness
32.6.1
32.7
Shortness
32.7.1
32.8
Body Language of Weakness
32.8.1
Testing Position
32.8.1.1
32.8.2
During Test
32.8.2.1
32.8.3
Movement aberrations
32.8.3.1
32.8.4
Postural Imbalance
32.8.4.1
32.9
Alternate Testing Method
32.9.1
32.10
Graphic Illustration
32.11
Video Demonstration
32.12
Organ Reflexes
32.13
Meridian Association
32.13.1
32.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
32.14.1
32.15
Nutritional
32.15.1
32.16
General Discussion
32.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
33.1
Testing Position
33.1.1
33.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
33.2.1
33.3
Stabilization
33.3.1
33.4
Test
33.4.1
33.5
Pressure
33.5.1
33.6
Weakness
33.6.1
33.7
Shortness
33.7.1
33.8
Body Language of Weakness
33.8.1
Testing Position
33.8.1.1
33.8.2
During Test
33.8.2.1
33.8.3
Movement aberrations
33.8.3.1
33.8.4
Postural Imbalance
33.8.4.1
33.9
Alternate Testing Method
33.9.1
33.10
Graphic Illustration
33.11
Video Demonstration
33.12
Organ Reflexes
33.13
Meridian Association
33.13.1
33.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
33.14.1
33.15
Nutritional
33.15.1
33.16
General Discussion
33.16.1
34
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS & BREVIS
Back
Table of Contents References
34.1
Testing Position
34.1.1
34.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
34.2.1
34.3
Stabilization
34.3.1
34.4
Test
34.4.1
34.5
Pressure
34.5.1
34.6
Weakness
34.6.1
34.7
Shortness
34.7.1
34.8
Body Language of Weakness
34.8.1
Testing Position
34.8.1.1
34.8.2
During Test
34.8.2.1
34.8.3
Movement aberrations
34.8.3.1
34.8.4
Postural Imbalance
34.8.4.1
34.9
Alternate Testing Method
34.9.1
34.10
Graphic Illustration
34.11
Video Demonstration
34.12
Organ Reflexes
34.12.1
None
34.13
Meridian Association
34.13.1
34.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
34.14.1
34.15
Nutritional
34.15.1
34.16
General Discussion
34.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
35.1
Testing Position
35.1.1
35.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
35.2.1
35.3
Stabilization
35.3.1
35.4
Test
35.4.1
35.5
Pressure
35.5.1
35.6
Weakness
35.6.1
35.7
Shortness
35.7.1
35.8
Body Language of Weakness
35.8.1
Testing Position
35.8.1.1
35.8.2
During Test
35.8.2.1
35.8.3
Movement aberrations
35.8.3.1
35.8.4
Postural Imbalance
35.8.4.1
35.9
Alternate Testing Method
35.9.1
35.10
Graphic Illustration
35.11
Video Demonstration
35.12
Organ Reflexes
35.12.1
None
35.13
Meridian Association
35.13.1
35.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
35.14.1
35.15
Nutritional
35.15.1
35.16
General Discussion
35.16.1
36
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS & BREVIS
Back
Table of Contents References
36.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
36.2
Muscle Illustration
36.2.1
36.2.2
36.3
Illustration Muscle Test
36.4
Testing Position
36.4.1
Supine or Sitting
36.4.2
The patient extends his toes to the
maximum amount
36.5
Patient Fixation Requirements
36.5.1
The ankle should be stabilized by
patient and examiner efforts.
36.5.2
The examiner stabilizes the foot in
slight plantar flexion.
36.6
Stabilization
36.6.1
The examiner stabilizes the foot at
the calcaneus, with his thumb over the dorsal surface of the foot to prevent
the patient from dorsiflexing the ankle.
36.7
Test
36.7.1
Contact is made on the dorsal surface
of the foot to prevent the patient from dorsiflexing the ankle.
36.7.2
Extension of all joints of the second,
third, fourth, and fifth digits.
36.8
Pressure
36.8.1
Against the dorsal surface of the toes
in the direction of flexion.
36.9
Weakness
36.9.1
Allows a tendency toward drop-foot and
forefoot varus. Diminishes the ability to dorsiflex the ankle joint and evert
the foot. In many cases of flat teet (collapse of the long arch) there is an
accompanying weakness of toe extensors.
36.10
Shortness or Contracture
36.10.1
Hyperextension of metatarsophalangeal
joints.
36.11
Video Demonstration
36.11.1
36.12
Organ Reflexes
36.12.1
None
36.13
Reactive Muscle Correlation
36.13.1
None
36.14
General Discussion
36.14.1
There is considerable variation in the
tendon insertion of the extensor digitorum longus and brevis. The tendons of
the two muscles tend to fuse together, giving a similar action to both. The
extensor digitorum longus has the added action of dorsiflexion and contributes
to eversion or pronation. These muscles are not routinely examined in applied
Kinesiology; The most common examination purpose is to determine the relative
strength of the toe extensors to the flexors, to evaluate the extension for the
metatarsophalangeal articulations in the “hammer toe” position.
37
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS & BREVIS
Back
Table of Contents References
37.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
37.2
Muscle Illustration
37.2.1
37.2.2
37.3
Illustration Muscle Test
37.4
Testing Position
37.4.1
Patient extends the great toe, with
the ankle in a neutral position
37.5
Patient Fixation Requirements
37.5.1
The ankle should be stabilized by both
the patient and the examiner
37.5.2
The examiner stabilizes the foot in slight
plantar flexion
37.6
Stabilization
37.6.1
Stabilize the calcaneus with the thumb
over the dorsal surface of the foot
37.7
Test
37.7.1
Contact the dorsal surface of the
great toe, and apply pressure in the direction of flexion. There should be no movement
of the ankle joint, which may bring the tibialis anterior and other
dorsiflexors into the test.
37.7.2
Extension of the metatarsophalangeal
and interphalangeal joints of the great toe
37.8
Pressure
37.8.1
Against the dorsal surface of the
distal and proximal phalanges of the great toe in the direction of flexion
37.9
Weakness
37.9.1
Decreases the ability to extend the
great toe, and allows a position of flexion. The ability to dorsiflex the ankle
joint is decreased
37.10
Shortness
37.10.1
Extension of the great toe, with the
head of the first metatarsal driven downward
37.11
Body Language of Weakness
37.11.1
Testing Position
37.11.1.1
Inability to hold testing position
37.11.1.2
Significant weakness of this muscle is
not nearly as common as other foot muscles.
37.11.1.3
Weakness in the presence of lower
spinal conditions and sciatic neuralgia indicates that evaluation of the 4th
lumbar disc is needed.
37.12
Video Demonstration
37.13
Reactive Muscle Correlation
37.13.1
None
37.14
General Discussion
37.14.1
The paralysis of the extensor hallucis
brevis (first slip of the extensor digitorum brevis) cannot be determined
accurately in the presence of a strong extensor hallucis longus. However, in
paralysis of the longus the action of the brevis is clear. The distal phalanx
does not extend, and the proximal phalanx extends in the direction of adduction
(toward the axial line of the foot)
Back
Table of Contents References
38.1
Testing Position
38.1.1
38.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
38.2.1
38.3
Stabilization
38.3.1
38.4
Test
38.4.1
38.5
Pressure
38.5.1
38.6
Weakness
38.6.1
38.7
Shortness
38.7.1
38.8
Body Language of Weakness
38.8.1
Testing Position
38.8.1.1
38.8.2
During Test
38.8.2.1
38.8.3
Movement aberrations
38.8.3.1
38.8.4
Postural Imbalance
38.8.4.1
38.9
Alternate Testing Method
38.9.1
38.10
Graphic Illustration
38.11
Video Demonstration
38.12
Organ Reflexes
38.12.1
None
38.13
Meridian Association
38.13.1
38.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
38.14.1
38.15
Nutritional
38.15.1
38.16
General Discussion
38.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
39.1
Testing Position
39.1.1
39.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
39.2.1
39.3
Stabilization
39.3.1
39.4
Test
39.4.1
39.5
Pressure
39.5.1
39.6
Weakness
39.6.1
39.7
Shortness
39.7.1
39.8
Body Language of Weakness
39.8.1
Testing Position
39.8.1.1
39.8.2
During Test
39.8.2.1
39.8.3
Movement aberrations
39.8.3.1
39.8.4
Postural Imbalance
39.8.4.1
39.9
Alternate Testing Method
39.9.1
39.10
Graphic Illustration
39.11
Video Demonstration
39.12
Organ Reflexes
39.12.1
None
39.13
Meridian Association
39.13.1
39.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
39.14.1
39.15
Nutritional
39.15.1
39.16
General Discussion
39.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
40.1
Testing Position
40.1.1
40.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
40.2.1
40.3
Stabilization
40.3.1
40.4
Test
40.4.1
40.5
Pressure
40.5.1
40.6
Weakness
40.6.1
40.7
Shortness
40.7.1
40.8
Body Language of Weakness
40.8.1
Testing Position
40.8.1.1
40.8.2
During Test
40.8.2.1
40.8.3
Movement aberrations
40.8.3.1
40.8.4
Postural Imbalance
40.8.4.1
40.9
Alternate Testing Method
40.9.1
40.10
Graphic Illustration
40.11
Video Demonstration
40.12
Organ Reflexes
40.12.1
None
40.13
Meridian Association
40.13.1
40.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
40.14.1
40.15
Nutritional
40.15.1
40.16
General Discussion
40.16.1
41
EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=ANT DIV
Back
Table of Contents References
41.1
Testing Position
41.1.1
41.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
41.2.1
41.3
Stabilization
41.3.1
41.4
Test
41.4.1
41.5
Pressure
41.5.1
41.6
Weakness
41.6.1
41.7
Shortness
41.7.1
41.8
Body Language of Weakness
41.8.1
Testing Position
41.8.1.1
41.8.2
During Test
41.8.2.1
41.8.3
Movement aberrations
41.8.3.1
41.8.4
Postural Imbalance
41.8.4.1
41.9
Alternate Testing Method
41.9.1
41.10
Graphic Illustration
41.11
Video Demonstration
41.12
Organ Reflexes
41.13
Meridian Association
41.13.1
41.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
41.14.1
41.15
Nutritional
41.15.1
41.16
General Discussion
41.16.1
42
EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=LAT DIV
Back
Table of Contents References
42.1
Testing Position
42.1.1
42.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
42.2.1
42.3
Stabilization
42.3.1
42.4
Test
42.4.1
42.5
Pressure
42.5.1
42.6
Weakness
42.6.1
42.7
Shortness
42.7.1
42.8
Body Language of Weakness
42.8.1
Testing Position
42.8.1.1
42.8.2
During Test
42.8.2.1
42.8.3
Movement aberrations
42.8.3.1
42.8.4
Postural Imbalance
42.8.4.1
42.9
Alternate Testing Method
42.9.1
42.10
Graphic Illustration
42.11
Video Demonstration
42.12
Organ Reflexes
42.12.1
None
42.13
Meridian Association
42.13.1
42.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
42.14.1
42.15
Nutritional
42.15.1
42.16
General Discussion
42.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
43.1
Testing Position
43.1.1
43.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
43.2.1
43.3
Stabilization
43.3.1
43.4
Test
43.4.1
43.5
Pressure
43.5.1
43.6
Weakness
43.6.1
43.7
Shortness
43.7.1
43.8
Body Language of Weakness
43.8.1
Testing Position
43.8.1.1
43.8.2
During Test
43.8.2.1
43.8.3
Movement aberrations
43.8.3.1
43.8.4
Postural Imbalance
43.8.4.1
43.9
Alternate Testing Method
43.9.1
43.10
Graphic Illustration
43.11
Video Demonstration
43.12 Organ Reflexes
43.12.1
None
43.13
Meridian Association
43.13.1
43.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
43.14.1
43.15
Nutritional
43.15.1
43.16
General Discussion
43.16.1
44
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS (HAND)
Back
Table of Contents References
44.1
Testing Position
44.1.1
44.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
44.2.1
44.3
Stabilization
44.3.1
44.4
Test
44.4.1
44.5
Pressure
44.5.1
44.6
Weakness
44.6.1
44.7
Shortness
44.7.1
44.8
Body Language of Weakness
44.8.1
Testing Position
44.8.1.1
44.8.2
During Test
44.8.2.1
44.8.3
Movement aberrations
44.8.3.1
44.8.4
Postural Imbalance
44.8.4.1
44.9
Alternate Testing Method
44.9.1
44.10
Graphic Illustration
44.11
Video Demonstration
44.12 Organ Reflexes
44.12.1
None
44.13
Meridian Association
44.13.1
44.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
44.14.1
44.15
Nutritional
44.15.1
44.16
General Discussion
44.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
45.1
Testing Position
45.1.1
45.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
45.2.1
45.3
Stabilization
45.3.1
45.4
Test
45.4.1
45.5
Pressure
45.5.1
45.6
Weakness
45.6.1
45.7
Shortness
45.7.1
45.8
Body Language of Weakness
45.8.1
Testing Position
45.8.1.1
45.8.2
During Test
45.8.2.1
45.8.3
Movement aberrations
45.8.3.1
45.8.4
Postural Imbalance
45.8.4.1
45.9
Alternate Testing Method
45.9.1
45.10
Graphic Illustration
45.11
Video Demonstration
45.12 Organ Reflexes
45.12.1
None
45.13
Meridian Association
45.13.1
45.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
45.14.1
45.15
Nutritional
45.15.1
45.16
General Discussion
45.16.1
Back Table of Contents References
46.1 Testing Position
46.1.1
46.2 Patient Fixation Requirements
46.2.1
46.3 Stabilization
46.3.1
46.4 Test
46.4.1
46.5 Pressure
46.5.1
46.6 Weakness
46.6.1
46.7 Shortness
46.7.1
46.8 Body Language of Weakness
46.8.1
Testing Position
46.8.1.1
46.8.2
During Test
46.8.2.1
46.8.3
Movement aberrations
46.8.3.1
46.8.4
Postural Imbalance
46.8.4.1
46.9 Alternate Testing Method
46.9.1
46.10
Graphic Illustration
46.11
Video Demonstration
46.12 Organ Reflexes
46.12.1
None
46.13
Meridian Association
46.13.1
46.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
46.14.1
46.15
Nutritional
46.15.1
46.16
General Discussion
46.16.1
47
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
LONGUS & QUADRATUS PLANTAE
Back
Table of Contents References
47.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
47.2
Muscle Illustration
47.2.1
47.2.2
47.3
Illustration Muscle Test
47.4
Testing Position
47.4.1
Supine or sitting
47.4.2
In the presence of gastrocnemius
tightness, the knee should be flexed to permit a neutral position of the foot
47.5
Patient Fixation/Stabilization
Requirements
47.5.1
The examiner stabilizes the
metatarsals and maintains a neutral position of the foot and ankle
47.6
Test
47.6.1
Flexion of the distal interphalangeal
joints of the second, third, fourth, and fifth digits. The flexor digitorum is
assisted by quadratus plantae
47.7
Pressure
47.7.1
Against the plantar surface of the
distal phalanges of the four toes in the direction of extension
47.8
Weakness
47.8.1
Results in tendency toward hyper
extension of distal interphalangeal joints of the four toes. Decreases the ability
to invert the foot and plantar flex the ankle. In weight bearing weakness
permits a tendency toward a pronation of the foot.
47.9
Shortness
47.9.1
Flexion deformity of the distal
phalanges of the four lateral toes, with restriction of dorsiflexion and
eversion of the foot.
47.10
Video Demonstration
47.11
Reactive Muscle Correlation
47.11.1
None
47.12
General Discussion
47.12.1
None
Back
Table of Contents References
48.1
Testing Position
48.1.1
48.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
48.2.1
48.3
Stabilization
48.3.1
48.4
Test
48.4.1
48.5
Pressure
48.5.1
48.6
Weakness
48.6.1
48.7
Shortness
48.7.1
48.8
Body Language of Weakness
48.8.1
Testing Position
48.8.1.1
48.8.2
During Test
48.8.2.1
48.8.3
Movement aberrations
48.8.3.1
48.8.4
Postural Imbalance
48.8.4.1
48.9
Alternate Testing Method
48.9.1
48.10
Graphic Illustration
48.11
Video Demonstration
48.12 Organ Reflexes
48.12.1
None
48.13
Meridian Association
48.13.1
48.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
48.14.1
48.15
Nutritional
48.15.1
48.16
General Discussion
48.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
49.1
Testing Position
49.1.1
49.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
49.2.1
49.3
Stabilization
49.3.1
49.4
Test
49.4.1
49.5
Pressure
49.5.1
49.6
Weakness
49.6.1
49.7
Shortness
49.7.1
49.8
Body Language of Weakness
49.8.1
Testing Position
49.8.1.1
49.8.2
During Test
49.8.2.1
49.8.3
Movement aberrations
49.8.3.1
49.8.4
Postural Imbalance
49.8.4.1
49.9
Alternate Testing Method
49.9.1
49.10
Graphic Illustration
49.11
Video Demonstration
49.12 Organ Reflexes
49.12.1
None
49.13
Meridian Association
49.13.1
49.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
49.14.1
49.15
Nutritional
49.15.1
49.16
General Discussion
49.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
50.1
Testing Position
50.1.1
50.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
50.2.1
50.3
Stabilization
50.3.1
50.4
Test
50.4.1
50.5
Pressure
50.5.1
50.6
Weakness
50.6.1
50.7
Shortness
50.7.1
50.8
Body Language of Weakness
50.8.1
Testing Position
50.8.1.1
50.8.2
During Test
50.8.2.1
50.8.3
Movement aberrations
50.8.3.1
50.8.4
Postural Imbalance
50.8.4.1
50.9
Alternate Testing Method
50.9.1
50.10
Graphic Illustration
50.11
Video Demonstration
50.12 Organ Reflexes
50.12.1
None
50.13
Meridian Association
50.13.1
50.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
50.14.1
50.15
Nutritional
50.15.1
50.16
General Discussion
50.16.1
51
FLEXOR HALLUCIS
LONGUS
Back
Table of Contents References
51.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
51.2
Muscle Illustration
51.2.1
51.2.2
51.3
Illustration Muscle Test
51.4
Patient
51.4.1
Supine
51.4.2
Sitting
51.5
Testing Position
51.5.1
With the patient in the supine
position, the examiner stabilizes the metatarsophalangeal articulation in
slight extension, and holds the foot half-way between dorsal and plantar
flexion. Patient flexes distal phalanx of great toe.
51.5.2
From this testing position of flexion
between the proximal and distal phalanx, the examiner directs pressure against
the distal phalanx of the great toe in the direction of extension
51.6
Synergists
51.6.1
The muscles that flex the distal
phalanges of the toes and fingers are the only ones which can be 100% isolated
for muscle testing. The flexor hallucis brevis attaches to the proximal phalanx
and is the reason stabilization and slight extension are necessary between the
proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal.
51.7
Patient Fixation Requirements
51.7.1
The examiner stabilizes the
metatarsophalangeal joint in neutral position and maintains the ankle joint
approximately midway between dorsal and plantar flexion. (Full dorsiflexion may
produce passive flexion of the interphalangeal joint, and full plantar flexion
would allow the muscle to shorten too much to exert its maximum force.) If the
Flexor hallucis brevis is very strong and the flexor hallucis longus weak, it
is necessary to restrict the tendency for the metatarsophalangeal joint to flex
by holding the proximal phalanx in slight extension.
51.8
Test
51.8.1
From the testing position of flexion between the proximal and distal
phalanx, the examiner directs pressure against the distal phalanx of the great
toe in the direction of extension.
51.8.2
Flexion of the interphalangeal joint
of the great toe
51.9
Pressure
51.9.1
Against the plantar surface of the distal
phalanx in the direction of extension
51.10
Weakness
51.10.1
Results in tendency toward
hyperextension of interphalangeal joint and hammer-toe deformity of great toe.
Decreases the strength of inversion of the foot and plantar flexion of the
ankle. In weight bearing, permits a tendency toward a pronation of the foot.
51.11
Shortness
51.11.1
Claw-toe deformity of great toe
51.12
Video Demonstration
51.13
General Discussion
51.13.1
The flexor hallucis longus is most frequently
tested in relation to the tarsal tunnel syndrome. Because the flexor hallucis
longus receives its nerve supply prior to the nerves going through the tarsal
tunnel, it will be compared with the flexor hallucis brevis, which receives its
nerve supply after the nerve has gone through the tarsal tunnel.
51.13.2
The flexor hallucis longus is
inactive, or only slightly active, when evaluated electromyographically in the
weight-loaded foot. With a 400-pound load, it showed its greatest activity in
inversion and dorsiflexion.
Back
Table of Contents References
52.1
Testing Position
52.1.1
52.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
52.2.1
52.3
Stabilization
52.3.1
52.4
Test
52.4.1
52.5
Pressure
52.5.1
52.6
Weakness
52.6.1
52.7
Shortness
52.7.1
52.8
Body Language of Weakness
52.8.1
Testing Position
52.8.1.1
52.8.2
During Test
52.8.2.1
52.8.3
Movement aberrations
52.8.3.1
52.8.4
Postural Imbalance
52.8.4.1
52.9
Alternate Testing Method
52.9.1
52.10
Graphic Illustration
52.11
Video Demonstration
52.12 Organ Reflexes
52.12.1
None
52.13
Meridian Association
52.13.1
52.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
52.14.1
52.15
Nutritional
52.15.1
52.16
General Discussion
52.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
53.1
Testing Position
53.1.1
53.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
53.2.1
53.3
Stabilization
53.3.1
53.4
Test
53.4.1
53.5
Pressure
53.5.1
53.6
Weakness
53.6.1
53.7
Shortness
53.7.1
53.8
Body Language of Weakness
53.8.1
Testing Position
53.8.1.1
53.8.2
During Test
53.8.2.1
53.8.3
Movement aberrations
53.8.3.1
53.8.4
Postural Imbalance
53.8.4.1
53.9
Alternate Testing Method
53.9.1
53.10
Graphic Illustration
53.11
Video Demonstration
53.12 Organ Reflexes
53.12.1
None
53.13
Meridian Association
53.13.1
53.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
53.14.1
53.15
Nutritional
53.15.1
53.16
General Discussion
53.16.1
54 GASTROCNEMIUS
Back
Table of Contents References
54.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
54.2
Muscle Illustration
54.2.1
54.2.2
54.3
Illustration Muscle Test
54.4
Testing Position
54.4.1
The testing position for the
gastrocnemius is prone, with the foot over the end of the table and the leg
straight.
54.5
Test
54.5.1
Examiner pulls distally on calcaneus
and simultaneously directs pressure on the sole of the foot in a dorsiflexion
direction. This test must be compared with the soleus test to make a
differential diagnosis.
54.6
Body Language of Weakness
54.6.1
Postural Imbalance
54.6.1.1 Patient stands with hyperextension of knee,
compensating for a weak gastrocnemius failing to give posterior stability to
the knee. This also correlates with a weak Popliteus and quadriceps group.
54.7
Alternate Testing Method
54.7.1
All plantar flexors can be tested with
the patient standing. The patient stabilizes himself with his hand on a table
or wall, but does not use it to aid the test. The patient raises directly up on
his toes with one foot, while the examiner observes for capability of elevating
to the toes without bending the knee or leaning forward. (See Example)
54.8
Video Demonstration
54.9
Reactive Muscle Correlation
54.10
General Discussion
54.10.1
The gastrocnemius must be correlated
with the soleus for evaluation of its strength. The maximum shortening of the
gastrocnemius and soleus varies considerable. The soleus is capable of
shortening 44 mm, the gastrocnemius only 39 mm. This is very important in the
action of these two muscles. Because the gastrocnemius originates proximal to
the knee, it is lengthened or shortened with extension or flexion of the knee.
When the knee is flexed, the gastrocnemius is shortened, equal to or exceeding
its length of contraction[1].
The prone soleus test is done in a manner similar to the gastrocnemius test, except
the knee is flexed to 90º, this shortens the gastrocnemius and reduces its
activity in the test.
54.10.2
The origin of the gastrocnemius above
the knee is very important in the muscle’s role in the gait mechanism. As the
knee is extended by quadriceps action, the gastrocnemius is lengthened to its
most advantageous functioning position. Thus the action of the quadriceps
transfers more power to the ankle by the gastrocnemius[2].
Herman and Bragin[3] demonstrated
by electromyography that the gastrocnemius is more sensitive to contractions of
length, strength, and rate of contraction, and the soleus plays a more constant
role. This correlates with the generally acknowledged fact that the
gastrocnemius is a gait mechanism muscle for running, jumping, and quick actions.
It plays its greatest role when the ankle is plantar-flexed in large
contractions and in the rapid development of tension. The soleus, again, plays
a more constant role in postural balance.
54.10.3
By superimposing electromyograms over
motion pictures of the gait, Sutherland[4]
demonstrated that knee extension in the stance phase of gait cannot be from
quadriceps muscle action. The EMG shows that quadriceps activity stops prior to
knee extension. The plantar flexors are active during knee extension, yet
dorsiflexion of the foot continues. He presents the hypothesis ". . . that
knee extension during the stance phase in ordinary walking on the level is
brought about by the force of the ankle plantar flexors resisting the
dorsiflexion of the ankle, this dorsiflexion being produced by the resultant of
the extrinsic forces (kinetic forces, gravity, and the floor reaction). The
resultant of the extrinsic forces is greater than the intrinsic force, as
manifested by the increasing dorsiflexion of the foot which occurs up until
heel-off' begins."
54.10.4
The postural position of
hyperextension of the knee in the presence of a weak gastrocnemius compensates
for failure of its normal action in maintaining the knee in a slight degree of
flexion. The medial head of the gastrocnemius is more active than the lateral
in maintaining this position[5].
54.10.5
The gastrocnemius-soleus combination
is not often tested in applied Kinesiology in reference to its glandular
correlation because of the difficulty in testing these very powerful muscles
with the limited leverage available. The gastrocnemius supplies most of its
information about glandular correlation from the associated tenderness that
usually develops in the muscle when there is adrenal involvement.
54.10.6
The gastrocnemius is often involved in
athletic injuries on a reactive muscle basis. The muscle dysfunction may be
primary, causing a weakness in another area, or it may be secondary and develop
weakness from another muscle previously contracting. As stated, the Popliteus
and quadriceps are often involved with the gastrocnemius on a reactive muscle
basis. Usually when these muscles are involved, there is a knee disturbance
manifested when running and with consequent cutting action.
54.10.7
Persistent wearing of high heels may cause
a shortness of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and Achilles tendon. Goniometer
measurement should show 15° dorsiflexion. When there is limited range of
motion, differential diagnosis between shortness of the gastrocnemius and
soleus can be obtained by comparing foot dorsiflexion. If the gastrocnemius is
short and the foot is dorsiflexed, there will be a restriction of knee
extension. If the knee is extended, there will be a restriction of
dorsiflexion.
55
GASTROCNEMIUS,
PLANTARIS & ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS
Back
Table of Contents References
55.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
55.1.1
Plantar Flexion Muscles
55.1.1.1
Ankle Joint Plantar Flexors (Tendo
Calcaneus Group)
55.1.1.2
Forefoot, and ankle Joint Plantar
Flexors
55.1.1.3
Toe, Forefoot, and ankle Joint Plantar
Flexors
55.2
Muscle Illustration
55.2.1
55.2.2
55.3
Illustration Muscle Test
55.4
Testing Position
55.4.1
Standing
55.4.1.1
Patient may steady themselves with a
hand on the table, but should not take any weight on the hand.
55.4.2
Prone
55.4.2.1
Prone
with knee extended, and the foot projecting over the end of the table
55.5
Patient Fixation Requirements
55.5.1
Prone
55.5.1.1
The
weight of the extremity resting on a firm table should be sufficient fixation
of the part
55.6
Test
55.6.1
Standing
55.6.1.1
Patient rises on toes, pushing the
body weight directly upward.
55.6.1.2
Resistance
55.6.1.2.1
Body weight
55.6.2
Prone
55.6.2.1
Plantar
flexion of the foot with emphasis on pulling the heel upward more than pushing
the forefoot downward. This test movement does not attempt to isolate the
Gastrocnemius action from other plantar flexors, but the presence or absence of
a Gastrocnemius can be determined by careful observation during the test.
55.7
Pressure
55.7.1
Prone
55.7.1.1 For maximum pressure in this position, it is necessary to apply
pressure against the forefoot as well as against the calcaneus. If the muscle
is very weak, pressure against the calcaneus is sufficient.
55.7.1.2
The
Gastrocnemius usually can be seen and always can be palpated if it is
contracting during the plantar flexion test. Movements of the toes and forefoot
should be observed carefully during the test to detect substitutions. The
patient may be able to flex the anterior part of the foot by toe flexors,
Tibialis posterior, and Peroneus longus without a direct upward pull on the
heel by the Tendo calcaneus. If the Gastrocnemius and Soleus are weak, the heel
will be pushed up secondary to flexion of the anterior part of the foot
rather than pulled up simultaneously with the flexion of the forepart of
the foot. If pressure is applied to the heel rather than to the ball of the
foot, it is possible to isolate, partially, the
combined action of the Gastrocnemius and Soleus from the other plantar flexors.
Movement of the foot toward eversion or inversion will show imbalance in
opposing lateral and medial muscles and, if pronounced, will show an attempt to
substitute the Peroneals or Tibialis posterior for the Gastrocnemius and
Soleus.
55.7.1.3
Action of the Gastrocnemius often can
be demonstrated in the knee flexion test when the Hamstrings are weak. In the
prone position with the knee fully extended, the patient is asked to bend the
knee against resistance. If the Gastrocnemius is strong, there will be plantar
flexion at the ankle as the Gastrocnemius acts to initiate knee flexion,
followed by ankle dorsiflexion as the knee flexes.
55.8
Weakness
55.8.1
Standing
55.8.1.1
Inclining the body forward and flexing
the knee is evidence of weakness; the patient dorsiflexes the ankle joint
attempting to clear the heel from the floor by tension of the plantar flexors
as the body weight is thrown forward.
55.8.2
Prone
55.8.2.1
Permits
a calcaneus position of the foot if the Gastrocnemius and Soleus are weak. In
standing, results in hyperextension of the knee and inability to rise on toes. In
walking, the inability to transfer weight normally results in a
"Gastrocnemius limp”.
55.9
Shortness/Contracture
55.9.1
Standing
55.9.1.1
Shortness of the Gastrocnemius and
Soleus muscles tends to develop among women who constantly wear high-heeled
shoes.
55.9.2
Prone
55.9.2.1
Equinus
position of the foot and flexion of the knee
55.9.2.2
Restriction
of dorsiflexion of the ankle when the knee is extended, and restriction of knee
extension when the ankle is dorsiflexed. During stance phase in walking_ shortness
limits the normal dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and the subject toes out
during the transfer of weight from heel to forefoot
55.9.2.3
Because
the Soleus acts to plantar flex the foot, in standing it acts to hold the leg
back in normal alignment with foot. With weakness of the muscle, the
ankle joint dorsiflexes. In standing, this generally is accompanied by some
knee flexion or may be accompanied by a forward inclination of the body as a
whole from the ankles up. A strong Soleus may help compensate for a weak
Quadriceps by pulling the leg back, thus passively extending the knee.
55.9.2.4
Unlike the Soleus, the Gastrocnemius
passes over the knee joint. It is a flexor of the knee joint and as such is a
stabilizer in helping to prevent hyperextension. While the action of the
Gastrocnemius is the same as the Soleus on the ankle joint, and conceivably weakness could result
in the same change of alignment, as does weakness of the Soleus, this does not
occur. Instead, with Gastrocnemius weakness, the knee tends to hyperextend in
standing.
55.10
Graphic Illustration
55.11
Video Demonstration
55.12
Reactive Muscle Correlation
55.12.1
None
Back
Table of Contents References
56.1
Testing Position
56.1.1
56.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
56.2.1
56.3
Stabilization
56.3.1
56.4
Test
56.4.1
56.5
Pressure
56.5.1
56.6
Weakness
56.6.1
56.7
Shortness
56.7.1
56.8
Body Language of Weakness
56.8.1
Testing Position
56.8.1.1
56.8.2
During Test
56.8.2.1
56.8.3
Movement aberrations
56.8.3.1
56.8.4
Postural Imbalance
56.8.4.1
56.9
Alternate Testing Method
56.9.1
56.10
Graphic Illustration
56.11
Video Demonstration
56.12 Organ Reflexes
56.12.1
None
56.13
Meridian Association
56.13.1
56.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
56.14.1
56.15
Nutritional
56.15.1
56.16
General Discussion
56.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
57.1
Testing Position
57.1.1
57.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
57.2.1
57.3
Stabilization
57.3.1
57.4
Test
57.4.1
57.5
Pressure
57.5.1
57.6
Weakness
57.6.1
57.7
Shortness
57.7.1
57.8
Body Language of Weakness
57.8.1
Testing Position
57.8.1.1
57.8.2
During Test
57.8.2.1
57.8.3
Movement aberrations
57.8.3.1
57.8.4
Postural Imbalance
57.8.4.1
57.9
Alternate Testing Method
57.9.1
57.10
Graphic Illustration
57.11
Video Demonstration
57.12 Organ Reflexes
57.12.1
None
57.13
Meridian Association
57.13.1
57.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
57.14.1
57.15
Nutritional
57.15.1
57.16
General Discussion
57.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
58.1
Testing Position
58.1.1
58.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
58.2.1
58.3
Stabilization
58.3.1
58.4
Test
58.4.1
58.5
Pressure
58.5.1
58.6
Weakness
58.6.1
58.7
Shortness
58.7.1
58.8
Body Language of Weakness
58.8.1
Testing Position
58.8.1.1
58.8.2
During Test
58.8.2.1
58.8.3
Movement aberrations
58.8.3.1
58.8.4
Postural Imbalance
58.8.4.1
58.9
Alternate Testing Method
58.9.1
58.10
Graphic Illustration
58.11
Video Demonstration
58.12 Organ Reflexes
58.12.1
None
58.13
Meridian Association
58.13.1
58.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
58.14.1
58.15
Nutritional
58.15.1
58.16
General Discussion
58.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
59.1
Testing Position
59.1.1
59.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
59.2.1
59.3
Stabilization
59.3.1
59.4
Test
59.4.1
59.5
Pressure
59.5.1
59.6
Weakness
59.6.1
59.7
Shortness
59.7.1
59.8
Body Language of Weakness
59.8.1
Testing Position
59.8.1.1
59.8.2
During Test
59.8.2.1
59.8.3
Movement aberrations
59.8.3.1
59.8.4
Postural Imbalance
59.8.4.1
59.9
Alternate Testing Method
59.9.1
59.10
Graphic Illustration
59.11
Video Demonstration
59.12 Organ Reflexes
59.12.1
None
59.13
Meridian Association
59.13.1
59.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
59.14.1
59.15
Nutritional
59.15.1
59.16
General Discussion
59.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
60.1
Testing Position
60.1.1
60.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
60.2.1
60.3
Stabilization
60.3.1
60.4
Test
60.4.1
60.5
Pressure
60.5.1
60.6
Weakness
60.6.1
60.7
Shortness
60.7.1
60.8
Body Language of Weakness
60.8.1
Testing Position
60.8.1.1
60.8.2
During Test
60.8.2.1
60.8.3
Movement aberrations
60.8.3.1
60.8.4
Postural Imbalance
60.8.4.1
60.9
Alternate Testing Method
60.9.1
60.10
Graphic Illustration
60.11
Video Demonstration
60.12 Organ Reflexes
60.12.1
None
60.13
Meridian Association
60.13.1
60.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
60.14.1
60.15
Nutritional
60.15.1
60.16
General Discussion
60.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
61.1
Testing Position
61.1.1
61.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
61.2.1
61.3
Stabilization
61.3.1
61.4
Test
61.4.1
61.5
Pressure
61.5.1
61.6
Weakness
61.6.1
61.7
Shortness
61.7.1
61.8
Body Language of Weakness
61.8.1
Testing Position
61.8.1.1
61.8.2
During Test
61.8.2.1
61.8.3
Movement aberrations
61.8.3.1
61.8.4
Postural Imbalance
61.8.4.1
61.9
Alternate Testing Method
61.9.1
61.10
Graphic Illustration
61.11
Video Demonstration
61.12 Organ Reflexes
61.12.1
None
61.13
Meridian Association
61.13.1
61.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
61.14.1
61.15
Nutritional
61.15.1
61.16
General Discussion
61.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
62.1
Testing Position
62.1.1
62.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
62.2.1
62.3
Stabilization
62.3.1
62.4
Test
62.4.1
62.5
Pressure
62.5.1
62.6
Weakness
62.6.1
62.7
Shortness
62.7.1
62.8
Body Language of Weakness
62.8.1
Testing Position
62.8.1.1
62.8.2
During Test
62.8.2.1
62.8.3
Movement aberrations
62.8.3.1
62.8.4
Postural Imbalance
62.8.4.1
62.9
Alternate Testing Method
62.9.1
62.10
Graphic Illustration
62.11
Video Demonstration
62.12 Organ Reflexes
62.12.1
None
62.13
Meridian Association
62.13.1
62.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
62.14.1
62.15
Nutritional
62.15.1
62.16
General Discussion
62.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
63.1
Testing Position
63.1.1
63.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
63.2.1
63.3
Stabilization
63.3.1
63.4
Test
63.4.1
63.5
Pressure
63.5.1
63.6
Weakness
63.6.1
63.7
Shortness
63.7.1
63.8
Body Language of Weakness
63.8.1
Testing Position
63.8.1.1
63.8.2
During Test
63.8.2.1
63.8.3
Movement aberrations
63.8.3.1
63.8.4
Postural Imbalance
63.8.4.1
63.9
Alternate Testing Method
63.9.1
63.10
Graphic Illustration
63.11
Video Demonstration
63.12 Organ Reflexes
63.12.1
None
63.13
Meridian Association
63.13.1
63.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
63.14.1
63.15
Nutritional
63.15.1
63.16
General Discussion
63.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
64.1
Testing Position
64.1.1
64.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
64.2.1
64.3
Stabilization
64.3.1
64.4
Test
64.4.1
64.5
Pressure
64.5.1
64.6
Weakness
64.6.1
64.7
Shortness
64.7.1
64.8
Body Language of Weakness
64.8.1
Testing Position
64.8.1.1
64.8.2
During Test
64.8.2.1
64.8.3
Movement aberrations
64.8.3.1
64.8.4
Postural Imbalance
64.8.4.1
64.9
Alternate Testing Method
64.9.1
64.10
Graphic Illustration
64.11
Video Demonstration
64.12 Organ Reflexes
64.12.1
None
64.13
Meridian Association
64.13.1
64.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
64.14.1
64.15
Nutritional
64.15.1
64.16
General Discussion
64.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
65.1
Testing Position
65.1.1
65.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
65.2.1
65.3
Stabilization
65.3.1
65.4
Test
65.4.1
65.5
Pressure
65.5.1
65.6
Weakness
65.6.1
65.7
Shortness
65.7.1
65.8
Body Language of Weakness
65.8.1
Testing Position
65.8.1.1
65.8.2
During Test
65.8.2.1
65.8.3
Movement aberrations
65.8.3.1
65.8.4
Postural Imbalance
65.8.4.1
65.9
Alternate Testing Method
65.9.1
65.10
Graphic Illustration
65.11
Video Demonstration
65.12 Organ Reflexes
65.12.1
None
65.13
Meridian Association
65.13.1
65.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
65.14.1
65.15
Nutritional
65.15.1
65.16
General Discussion
65.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
66.1
Testing Position
66.1.1
66.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
66.2.1
66.3
Stabilization
66.3.1
66.4
Test
66.4.1
66.5
Pressure
66.5.1
66.6
Weakness
66.6.1
66.7
Shortness
66.7.1
66.8
Body Language of Weakness
66.8.1
Testing Position
66.8.1.1
66.8.2
During Test
66.8.2.1
66.8.3
Movement aberrations
66.8.3.1
66.8.4
Postural Imbalance
66.8.4.1
66.9
Alternate Testing Method
66.9.1
66.10
Graphic Illustration
66.11
Video Demonstration
66.12 Organ Reflexes
66.12.1
None
66.13
Meridian Association
66.13.1
66.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
66.14.1
66.15
Nutritional
66.15.1
66.16
General Discussion
66.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
67.1
Testing Position
67.1.1
67.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
67.2.1
67.3
Stabilization
67.3.1
67.4
Test
67.4.1
67.5
Pressure
67.5.1
67.6
Weakness
67.6.1
67.7
Shortness
67.7.1
67.8
Body Language of Weakness
67.8.1
Testing Position
67.8.1.1
67.8.2
During Test
67.8.2.1
67.8.3
Movement aberrations
67.8.3.1
67.8.4
Postural Imbalance
67.8.4.1
67.9
Alternate Testing Method
67.9.1
67.10
Graphic Illustration
67.11
Video Demonstration
67.12 Organ Reflexes
67.12.1
None
67.13
Meridian Association
67.13.1
67.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
67.14.1
67.15
Nutritional
67.15.1
67.16
General Discussion
67.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
68.1
Testing Position
68.1.1
68.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
68.2.1
68.3
Stabilization
68.3.1
68.4
Test
68.4.1
68.5
Pressure
68.5.1
68.6
Weakness
68.6.1
68.7
Shortness
68.7.1
68.8
Body Language of Weakness
68.8.1
Testing Position
68.8.1.1
68.8.2
During Test
68.8.2.1
68.8.3
Movement aberrations
68.8.3.1
68.8.4
Postural Imbalance
68.8.4.1
68.9
Alternate Testing Method
68.9.1
68.10
Graphic Illustration
68.11
Video Demonstration
68.12 Organ Reflexes
68.12.1
None
68.13
Meridian Association
68.13.1
68.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
68.14.1
68.15
Nutritional
68.15.1
68.16
General Discussion
68.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
69.1
Testing Position
69.1.1
69.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
69.2.1
69.3
Stabilization
69.3.1
69.4
Test
69.4.1
69.5
Pressure
69.5.1
69.6
Weakness
69.6.1
69.7
Shortness
69.7.1
69.8
Body Language of Weakness
69.8.1
Testing Position
69.8.1.1
69.8.2
During Test
69.8.2.1
69.8.3
Movement aberrations
69.8.3.1
69.8.4
Postural Imbalance
69.8.4.1
69.9
Alternate Testing Method
69.9.1
69.10
Graphic Illustration
69.11
Video Demonstration
69.12 Organ Reflexes
69.12.1
None
69.13
Meridian Association
69.13.1
69.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
69.14.1
69.15
Nutritional
69.15.1
69.16
General Discussion
69.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
70.1
Testing Position
70.1.1
70.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
70.2.1
70.3
Stabilization
70.3.1
70.4
Test
70.4.1
70.5
Pressure
70.5.1
70.6
Weakness
70.6.1
70.7
Shortness
70.7.1
70.8
Body Language of Weakness
70.8.1
Testing Position
70.8.1.1
70.8.2
During Test
70.8.2.1
70.8.3
Movement aberrations
70.8.3.1
70.8.4
Postural Imbalance
70.8.4.1
70.9
Alternate Testing Method
70.9.1
70.10
Graphic Illustration
70.11
Video Demonstration
70.12 Organ Reflexes
70.12.1
None
70.13
Meridian Association
70.13.1
70.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
70.14.1
70.15
Nutritional
70.15.1
70.16
General Discussion
70.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
71.1
Testing Position
71.1.1
71.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
71.2.1
71.3
Stabilization
71.3.1
71.4
Test
71.4.1
71.5
Pressure
71.5.1
71.6
Weakness
71.6.1
71.7
Shortness
71.7.1
71.8
Body Language of Weakness
71.8.1
Testing Position
71.8.1.1
71.8.2
During Test
71.8.2.1
71.8.3
Movement aberrations
71.8.3.1
71.8.4
Postural Imbalance
71.8.4.1
71.9
Alternate Testing Method
71.9.1
71.10
Graphic Illustration
71.11
Video Demonstration
71.12 Organ Reflexes
71.12.1
None
71.13
Meridian Association
71.13.1
71.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
71.14.1
71.15
Nutritional
71.15.1
71.16
General Discussion
71.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
72.1
Testing Position
72.1.1
72.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
72.2.1
72.3
Stabilization
72.3.1
72.4
Test
72.4.1
72.5
Pressure
72.5.1
72.6
Weakness
72.6.1
72.7
Shortness
72.7.1
72.8
Body Language of Weakness
72.8.1
Testing Position
72.8.1.1
72.8.2
During Test
72.8.2.1
72.8.3
Movement aberrations
72.8.3.1
72.8.4
Postural Imbalance
72.8.4.1
72.9
Alternate Testing Method
72.9.1
72.10
Graphic Illustration
72.11
Video Demonstration
72.12 Organ Reflexes
72.12.1
None
72.13
Meridian Association
72.13.1
72.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
72.14.1
72.15
Nutritional
72.15.1
72.16
General Discussion
72.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
73.1
Testing Position
73.1.1
73.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
73.2.1
73.3
Stabilization
73.3.1
73.4
Test
73.4.1
73.5
Pressure
73.5.1
73.6
Weakness
73.6.1
73.7
Shortness
73.7.1
73.8
Body Language of Weakness
73.8.1
Testing Position
73.8.1.1
73.8.2
During Test
73.8.2.1
73.8.3
Movement aberrations
73.8.3.1
73.8.4
Postural Imbalance
73.8.4.1
73.9
Alternate Testing Method
73.9.1
73.10
Graphic Illustration
73.11
Video Demonstration
73.12 Organ Reflexes
73.12.1
None
73.13
Meridian Association
73.13.1
73.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
73.14.1
73.15
Nutritional
73.15.1
73.16
General Discussion
73.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
74.1
Testing Position
74.1.1
74.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
74.2.1
74.3
Stabilization
74.3.1
74.4
Test
74.4.1
74.5
Pressure
74.5.1
74.6
Weakness
74.6.1
74.7
Shortness
74.7.1
74.8
Body Language of Weakness
74.8.1
Testing Position
74.8.1.1
74.8.2
During Test
74.8.2.1
74.8.3
Movement aberrations
74.8.3.1
74.8.4
Postural Imbalance
74.8.4.1
74.9
Alternate Testing Method
74.9.1
74.10
Graphic Illustration
74.11
Video Demonstration
74.12 Organ Reflexes
74.12.1
None
74.13
Meridian Association
74.13.1
74.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
74.14.1
74.15
Nutritional
74.15.1
74.16
General Discussion
74.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
75.1
Testing Position
75.1.1
75.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
75.2.1
75.3
Stabilization
75.3.1
75.4
Test
75.4.1
75.5
Pressure
75.5.1
75.6
Weakness
75.6.1
75.7
Shortness
75.7.1
75.8
Body Language of Weakness
75.8.1
Testing Position
75.8.1.1
75.8.2
During Test
75.8.2.1
75.8.3
Movement aberrations
75.8.3.1
75.8.4
Postural Imbalance
75.8.4.1
75.9
Alternate Testing Method
75.9.1
75.10
Graphic Illustration
75.11
Video Demonstration
75.12 Organ Reflexes
75.12.1
None
75.13
Meridian Association
75.13.1
75.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
75.14.1
75.15
Nutritional
75.15.1
75.16
General Discussion
75.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
76.1
Testing Position
76.1.1
76.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
76.2.1
76.3
Stabilization
76.3.1
76.4
Test
76.4.1
76.5
Pressure
76.5.1
76.6
Weakness
76.6.1
76.7
Shortness
76.7.1
76.8
Body Language of Weakness
76.8.1
Testing Position
76.8.1.1
76.8.2
During Test
76.8.2.1
76.8.3
Movement aberrations
76.8.3.1
76.8.4
Postural Imbalance
76.8.4.1
76.9
Alternate Testing Method
76.9.1
76.10
Graphic Illustration
76.11
Video Demonstration
76.12 Organ Reflexes
76.12.1
None
76.13
Meridian Association
76.13.1
76.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
76.14.1
76.15
Nutritional
76.15.1
76.16
General Discussion
76.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
77.1
Testing Position
77.1.1
77.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
77.2.1
77.3
Stabilization
77.3.1
77.4
Test
77.4.1
77.5
Pressure
77.5.1
77.6
Weakness
77.6.1
77.7
Shortness
77.7.1
77.8
Body Language of Weakness
77.8.1
Testing Position
77.8.1.1
77.8.2
During Test
77.8.2.1
77.8.3
Movement aberrations
77.8.3.1
77.8.4
Postural Imbalance
77.8.4.1
77.9
Alternate Testing Method
77.9.1
77.10
Graphic Illustration
77.11
Video Demonstration
77.12 Organ Reflexes
77.12.1
None
77.13
Meridian Association
77.13.1
77.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
77.14.1
77.15
Nutritional
77.15.1
77.16
General Discussion
77.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
78.1
Testing Position
78.1.1
78.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
78.2.1
78.3
Stabilization
78.3.1
78.4
Test
78.4.1
78.5
Pressure
78.5.1
78.6
Weakness
78.6.1
78.7
Shortness
78.7.1
78.8
Body Language of Weakness
78.8.1
Testing Position
78.8.1.1
78.8.2
During Test
78.8.2.1
78.8.3
Movement aberrations
78.8.3.1
78.8.4
Postural Imbalance
78.8.4.1
78.9
Alternate Testing Method
78.9.1
78.10
Graphic Illustration
78.11
Video Demonstration
78.12 Organ Reflexes
78.12.1
None
78.13
Meridian Association
78.13.1
78.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
78.14.1
78.15
Nutritional
78.15.1
78.16
General Discussion
78.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
79.1
Testing Position
79.1.1
79.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
79.2.1
79.3
Stabilization
79.3.1
79.4
Test
79.4.1
79.5
Pressure
79.5.1
79.6
Weakness
79.6.1
79.7
Shortness
79.7.1
79.8
Body Language of Weakness
79.8.1
Testing Position
79.8.1.1
79.8.2
During Test
79.8.2.1
79.8.3
Movement aberrations
79.8.3.1
79.8.4
Postural Imbalance
79.8.4.1
79.9
Alternate Testing Method
79.9.1
79.10
Graphic Illustration
79.11
Video Demonstration
79.12 Organ Reflexes
79.12.1
None
79.13
Meridian Association
79.13.1
79.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
79.14.1
79.15
Nutritional
79.15.1
79.16
General Discussion
79.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
80.1
Testing Position
80.1.1
80.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
80.2.1
80.3
Stabilization
80.3.1
80.4
Test
80.4.1
80.5
Pressure
80.5.1
80.6
Weakness
80.6.1
80.7
Shortness
80.7.1
80.8
Body Language of Weakness
80.8.1
Testing Position
80.8.1.1
80.8.2
During Test
80.8.2.1
80.8.3
Movement aberrations
80.8.3.1
80.8.4
Postural Imbalance
80.8.4.1
80.9
Alternate Testing Method
80.9.1
80.10
Graphic Illustration
80.11
Video Demonstration
80.12 Organ Reflexes
80.12.1
None
80.13
Meridian Association
80.13.1
80.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
80.14.1
80.15
Nutritional
80.15.1
80.16
General Discussion
80.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
81.1
Testing Position
81.1.1
81.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
81.2.1
81.3
Stabilization
81.3.1
81.4
Test
81.4.1
81.5
Pressure
81.5.1
81.6
Weakness
81.6.1
81.7
Shortness
81.7.1
81.8
Body Language of Weakness
81.8.1
Testing Position
81.8.1.1
81.8.2
During Test
81.8.2.1
81.8.3
Movement aberrations
81.8.3.1
81.8.4
Postural Imbalance
81.8.4.1
81.9
Alternate Testing Method
81.9.1
81.10
Graphic Illustration
81.11
Video Demonstration
81.12 Organ Reflexes
81.12.1
None
81.13
Meridian Association
81.13.1
81.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
81.14.1
81.15
Nutritional
81.15.1
81.16
General Discussion
81.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
82.1
Testing Position
82.1.1
82.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
82.2.1
82.3
Stabilization
82.3.1
82.4
Test
82.4.1
82.5
Pressure
82.5.1
82.6
Weakness
82.6.1
82.7
Shortness
82.7.1
82.8
Body Language of Weakness
82.8.1
Testing Position
82.8.1.1
82.8.2
During Test
82.8.2.1
82.8.3
Movement aberrations
82.8.3.1
82.8.4
Postural Imbalance
82.8.4.1
82.9
Alternate Testing Method
82.9.1
82.10
Graphic Illustration
82.11
Video Demonstration
82.12 Organ Reflexes
82.12.1
None
82.13
Meridian Association
82.13.1
82.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
82.14.1
82.15
Nutritional
82.15.1
82.16
General Discussion
82.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
83.1
Testing Position
83.1.1
83.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
83.2.1
83.3
Stabilization
83.3.1
83.4
Test
83.4.1
83.5
Pressure
83.5.1
83.6
Weakness
83.6.1
83.7
Shortness
83.7.1
83.8
Body Language of Weakness
83.8.1
Testing Position
83.8.1.1
83.8.2
During Test
83.8.2.1
83.8.3
Movement aberrations
83.8.3.1
83.8.4
Postural Imbalance
83.8.4.1
83.9
Alternate Testing Method
83.9.1
83.10
Graphic Illustration
83.11
Video Demonstration
83.12 Organ Reflexes
83.12.1
None
83.13
Meridian Association
83.13.1
83.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
83.14.1
83.15
Nutritional
83.15.1
83.16
General Discussion
83.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
84.1
Testing Position
84.1.1
84.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
84.2.1
84.3
Stabilization
84.3.1
84.4
Test
84.4.1
84.5
Pressure
84.5.1
84.6
Weakness
84.6.1
84.7
Shortness
84.7.1
84.8
Body Language of Weakness
84.8.1
Testing Position
84.8.1.1
84.8.2
During Test
84.8.2.1
84.8.3
Movement aberrations
84.8.3.1
84.8.4
Postural Imbalance
84.8.4.1
84.9
Alternate Testing Method
84.9.1
84.10
Graphic Illustration
84.11
Video Demonstration
84.12 Organ Reflexes
84.12.1
None
84.13
Meridian Association
84.13.1
84.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
84.14.1
84.15
Nutritional
84.15.1
84.16
General Discussion
84.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
85.1
Testing Position
85.1.1
85.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
85.2.1
85.3
Stabilization
85.3.1
85.4
Test
85.4.1
85.5
Pressure
85.5.1
85.6
Weakness
85.6.1
85.7
Shortness
85.7.1
85.8
Body Language of Weakness
85.8.1
Testing Position
85.8.1.1
85.8.2
During Test
85.8.2.1
85.8.3
Movement aberrations
85.8.3.1
85.8.4
Postural Imbalance
85.8.4.1
85.9
Alternate Testing Method
85.9.1
85.10
Graphic Illustration
85.11
Video Demonstration
85.12 Organ Reflexes
85.12.1
None
85.13
Meridian Association
85.13.1
85.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
85.14.1
85.15
Nutritional
85.15.1
85.16
General Discussion
85.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
86.1
Testing Position
86.1.1
86.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
86.2.1
86.3
Stabilization
86.3.1
86.4
Test
86.4.1
86.5
Pressure
86.5.1
86.6
Weakness
86.6.1
86.7
Shortness
86.7.1
86.8
Body Language of Weakness
86.8.1
Testing Position
86.8.1.1
86.8.2
During Test
86.8.2.1
86.8.3
Movement aberrations
86.8.3.1
86.8.4
Postural Imbalance
86.8.4.1
86.9
Alternate Testing Method
86.9.1
86.10
Graphic Illustration
86.11
Video Demonstration
86.12 Organ Reflexes
86.12.1
None
86.13
Meridian Association
86.13.1
86.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
86.14.1
86.15
Nutritional
86.15.1
86.16
General Discussion
86.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
87.1
Testing Position
87.1.1
87.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
87.2.1
87.3
Stabilization
87.3.1
87.4
Test
87.4.1
87.5
Pressure
87.5.1
87.6
Weakness
87.6.1
87.7
Shortness
87.7.1
87.8
Body Language of Weakness
87.8.1
Testing Position
87.8.1.1
87.8.2
During Test
87.8.2.1
87.8.3
Movement aberrations
87.8.3.1
87.8.4
Postural Imbalance
87.8.4.1
87.9
Alternate Testing Method
87.9.1
87.10
Graphic Illustration
87.11
Video Demonstration
87.12 Organ Reflexes
87.12.1
None
87.13
Meridian Association
87.13.1
87.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
87.14.1
87.15
Nutritional
87.15.1
87.16
General Discussion
87.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
88.1
Testing Position
88.1.1
88.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
88.2.1
88.3
Stabilization
88.3.1
88.4
Test
88.4.1
88.5
Pressure
88.5.1
88.6
Weakness
88.6.1
88.7
Shortness
88.7.1
88.8
Body Language of Weakness
88.8.1
Testing Position
88.8.1.1
88.8.2
During Test
88.8.2.1
88.8.3
Movement aberrations
88.8.3.1
88.8.4
Postural Imbalance
88.8.4.1
88.9
Alternate Testing Method
88.9.1
88.10
Graphic Illustration
88.11
Video Demonstration
88.12 Organ Reflexes
88.12.1
None
88.13
Meridian Association
88.13.1
88.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
88.14.1
88.15
Nutritional
88.15.1
88.16
General Discussion
88.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
89.1
Testing Position
89.1.1
89.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
89.2.1
89.3
Stabilization
89.3.1
89.4
Test
89.4.1
89.5
Pressure
89.5.1
89.6
Weakness
89.6.1
89.7
Shortness
89.7.1
89.8
Body Language of Weakness
89.8.1
Testing Position
89.8.1.1
89.8.2
During Test
89.8.2.1
89.8.3
Movement aberrations
89.8.3.1
89.8.4
Postural Imbalance
89.8.4.1
89.9
Alternate Testing Method
89.9.1
89.10
Graphic Illustration
89.11
Video Demonstration
89.12 Organ Reflexes
89.12.1
None
89.13
Meridian Association
89.13.1
89.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
89.14.1
89.15
Nutritional
89.15.1
89.16
General Discussion
89.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
90.1
Testing Position
90.1.1
90.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
90.2.1
90.3
Stabilization
90.3.1
90.4
Test
90.4.1
90.5
Pressure
90.5.1
90.6
Weakness
90.6.1
90.7
Shortness
90.7.1
90.8
Body Language of Weakness
90.8.1
Testing Position
90.8.1.1
90.8.2
During Test
90.8.2.1
90.8.3
Movement aberrations
90.8.3.1
90.8.4
Postural Imbalance
90.8.4.1
90.9
Alternate Testing Method
90.9.1
90.10
Graphic Illustration
90.11
Video Demonstration
90.12 Organ Reflexes
90.12.1
None
90.13
Meridian Association
90.13.1
90.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
90.14.1
90.15
Nutritional
90.15.1
90.16
General Discussion
90.16.1
91
PERONEUS LONGUS
& BREVIS
Back
Table of Contents References
91.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
91.2
Muscle Illustration
91.2.1
91.2.2
91.2.3
91.3
Illustration Muscle Test
91.4
Summary of Overall Test
91.4.1
Start with the client supine. Assume
we are testing the left foot. Stand facing the medial aspect of the foot. Grab
the leg just above the ankle with your left hand. Grab the outside of the foot
with the palm of your right hand just above the 5th metatarsal. Have the client
plantar flex (Sole downward & Posterior) and evert the foot (sole facing
outward (laterally)) Watch the peroneus longus/brevis tendons articulate (pop
out). The tendons should be clearly visible and in a relatively straight line.
Have the client relax the toes. Use your right hand to rotate the sole inward
(medially). The tendons should pop out more when you do this. Muscle testing is
tricky. It’s like patting your belly and rubbing your head or learning to drive
a clutch car. With practice it’s easy. The rewards are smarter and more
effective treatment.
91.5
Testing Position
91.5.1
Supine patient fully plantar flexes the
foot and then everts it to the maximum amount.
91.5.2
The toes should be kept neutral or in
flexion to limit action of the long muscles of toe flexion and extension. The
testing position should be such that the muscle and tendon progressing behind the
lateral malleolus are in as straight a line as possible.
91.5.3
Alternate
91.5.3.1 Supine with extremity medially
rotated, or side lying (on opposite side)
91.6
Patient Fixation Requirements
91.6.1
The
patient must keep the foot in plantar flexion
91.6.2
The
examiner supports the leg above the ankle joint
91.7
Stabilization
91.7.1
The
examiner stabilizes the leg above the ankle
91.8
Test
91.8.1
Eversion of the foot with plantar
flexion of the ankle joint
91.8.2
Pressure
is directed on the side of the foot in the direction of inversion. The test
must start from the maximum eversion allowed when the foot is in complete
plantar flexion. The range of motion in this test is limited. No dorsiflexion
of the foot should be allowed, nor should there be any flexion or extension of
the toes. The examiner should observe the tendon which courses behind the
external malleolus as evidence of maximum isolation of the muscles.
91.9
Pressure
91.9.1
Against the lateral border and sole of
the foot in the direction of inversion of the foot and dorsiflexion of the
ankle joint.
91.10
Weakness
91.10.1
Decreases the strength of eversion of
the foot and plantar flexion of the ankle joint
91.10.2
Allows a varus position of the foot
and lessens the ability to rise on the toes.
91.10.3
Lateral stability of the ankle is
decreased.
91.11
Shortness
91.11.1
Results in an everted or valgus
position of the foot
91.12
Body Language of Weakness
91.12.1
Testing Position
91.12.1.1
It is not unusual to have such great
weakness of these muscles that the patient cannot bring the foot into the
testing position.
91.12.2
During Test
91.12.2.1 The patient's effort to recruit other muscles
into this test is dramatic, and sometimes extremely difficult to stop. The
patient will attempt dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes. Even
if the examiner prevents the patient from dorsiflexing his foot and extending
the toes by holding the position, the patient's effort will change the test
significantly. If dorsiflexion of the foot or extension of the toes is
allowed, a strong peroneus longus and brevis may be indicated; in reality, the
muscles may be exquisitely weak. In order to eliminate the dorsiflexion and toe
extension, it may be necessary to restart the test several times. Once the
examiner has felt the dramatic difference between testing a weak peroneus
longus and brevis correctly, and the dramatic change the patient can make with
dorsiflexion or toe extension, it becomes much easier to perform this test
properly.
91.12.3
Movement aberrations
91.12.3.1
91.12.4
Postural Imbalance
91.12.4.1 Balance of fhe ankle muscles is best observed
when the patient is supine. Weakness of the peroneus IOl1gus and brevis causes the
foot to invert. An imaginary line extending down the tibial ridge should extend
over the second toe. Weakness of the peroneus longus and brevis causes this
line to be lateral of the second toe or to miss the foot entirely. When
evaluating the structural balance of the foot in the supine position, care must
be taken thal the foot .is not resting on the table in such a manner that the
table !"ressure deviates the foot from its relaxed position. It is best to
have the foot hang over the edge of the table, or be supported by an ankle rest
such as is present on most chiropractic tables.
91.13
Alternate Testing Method
91.13.1
91.14
Video Demonstration
91.15
Reactive Muscle Correlation
91.15.1
91.16
General Discussion
91.16.1
The peroneus longus and brevis are
very important in maintaining normal foot and ankle function, this relates to
the entire gait mechanism of the body. Weakness of these muscles is often due
to foot subluxations. This can be determined by challenging the foot
structures and then re-testing the peroneus longus and brevis for improved
function. These muscles are important lateral ankle stabilizers.
91.16.2 The peroneus longus and brevis may be injured from trauma, such as
when the ankle is twisted. The trauma to the muscle may require
origin/insertion technique or treatment to the proprioceptors of the muscles.
After the ankle strain or sprain has recovered, evaluation of the muscle{s}
should be made for the possible need for treatment. Many recurrent twisted ankles
are due to weakness of these muscles and their failure to recover.
91.16.3
Muscle testing would help determine
the relative involvement of the peroneus brevis/longus vs. ankle ligaments
after a sprain. If the muscle test hurts, clients may have injured the peroneus
brevis and longus (Tenosynovitis or worse). Muscle testing also helps determine
whether a disc or facet joint problem in the low back is pressing on the motor
nerves (L4-S2) or if there is other nerve impingement of the Superficial
Peroneal Nerve supplying these muscles. Although the muscle test is not diagnostic
of disc involvement or peripheral nerve impingement if muscles are weak it may
be a sign of problems elsewhere. Since both these muscles are associated in
applied kinesiology with the Bladder, muscle testing may also help determine
the functioning of this organ and its associated channel (Eastern Medicine)
91.16.4
Some consider that the peroneus longus
{and possibly brevis} - acting together with the peroneus tertius and tibialis anterior and
posterior - acts as a sling
mechanism to support the arch. Basmajian et al.5 demonstrated by
electromyography that there was no activity of the peroneus longus when the
static foot was loaded with up to a 400-pound load unless the foot was everted.
In that case, some subjects showed marked or slight activity in the muscle.
Gray,8 in a study of normal feet compared to flat feet, confirmed Basmajian's
findings for normal feet. In the subjects with flat feet, 22 of 27 showed
marked activity in the peroneus longus when the subjects were in a comfortable
standing position, feet spread six inches apart.
91.16.5
Jonsson and Rundgren12 compared the
function of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles by electromyography. Their
study was unique in that the needle electrodes were confirmed to be in the
appropriate muscle by injecting CO2 gas into the muscle through the insertion
needle, and then evaluatihg by x-ray whether the needle was actually in the
appropriate muscle. They found the muscles to act together qualitatively, but
not necessarily quantitatively. The muscles' action was found to be primarily
foot pronation.
91.16.6
In weight bearing, with a strong pull
on its insertion at the base of the first metatarsal, the peroneus longus
causes the head of the first metatarsal to be pressed downward into the
supporting surface.
Back
Table of Contents References
92.1
Testing Position
92.1.1
92.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
92.2.1
92.3
Stabilization
92.3.1
92.4
Test
92.4.1
92.5
Pressure
92.5.1
92.6
Weakness
92.6.1
92.7
Shortness
92.7.1
92.8
Body Language of Weakness
92.8.1
Testing Position
92.8.1.1
92.8.2
During Test
92.8.2.1
92.8.3
Movement aberrations
92.8.3.1
92.8.4
Postural Imbalance
92.8.4.1
92.9
Alternate Testing Method
92.9.1
92.10
Graphic Illustration
92.11
Video Demonstration
92.12 Organ Reflexes
92.12.1
None
92.13
Meridian Association
92.13.1
92.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
92.14.1
92.15
Nutritional
92.15.1
92.16
General Discussion
92.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
93.1
Testing Position
93.1.1
93.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
93.2.1
93.3
Stabilization
93.3.1
93.4
Test
93.4.1
93.5
Pressure
93.5.1
93.6
Weakness
93.6.1
93.7
Shortness
93.7.1
93.8
Body Language of Weakness
93.8.1
Testing Position
93.8.1.1
93.8.2
During Test
93.8.2.1
93.8.3
Movement aberrations
93.8.3.1
93.8.4
Postural Imbalance
93.8.4.1
93.9
Alternate Testing Method
93.9.1
93.10
Graphic Illustration
93.11
Video Demonstration
93.12 Organ Reflexes
93.12.1
None
93.13
Meridian Association
93.13.1
93.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
93.14.1
93.15
Nutritional
93.15.1
93.16
General Discussion
93.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
94.1
Testing Position
94.1.1
94.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
94.2.1
94.3
Stabilization
94.3.1
94.4
Test
94.4.1
94.5
Pressure
94.5.1
94.6
Weakness
94.6.1
94.7
Shortness
94.7.1
94.8
Body Language of Weakness
94.8.1
Testing Position
94.8.1.1
94.8.2
During Test
94.8.2.1
94.8.3
Movement aberrations
94.8.3.1
94.8.4
Postural Imbalance
94.8.4.1
94.9
Alternate Testing Method
94.9.1
94.10
Graphic Illustration
94.11
Video Demonstration
94.12 Organ Reflexes
94.12.1
None
94.13
Meridian Association
94.13.1
94.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
94.14.1
94.15
Nutritional
94.15.1
94.16
General Discussion
94.16.1
95
POPLITEUS
Back
Table of Contents References
95.1
Testing Position
95.1.1
95.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
95.2.1
95.3
Stabilization
95.3.1
95.4
Test
95.4.1
95.5
Pressure
95.5.1
95.6
Weakness
95.6.1
95.7
Shortness
95.7.1
95.8
Body Language of Weakness
95.8.1
Testing Position
95.8.1.1
95.8.2
During Test
95.8.2.1
95.8.3
Movement aberrations
95.8.3.1
95.8.4
Postural Imbalance
95.8.4.1
95.9
Alternate Testing Method
95.9.1
95.10
Graphic Illustration
95.11
Video Demonstration
95.12 Organ Reflexes
95.12.1
None
95.13
Meridian Association
95.13.1
95.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
95.14.1
95.15
Nutritional
95.15.1
95.16
General Discussion
95.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
96.1
Testing Position
96.1.1
96.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
96.2.1
96.3
Stabilization
96.3.1
96.4
Test
96.4.1
96.5
Pressure
96.5.1
96.6
Weakness
96.6.1
96.7
Shortness
96.7.1
96.8
Body Language of Weakness
96.8.1
Testing Position
96.8.1.1
96.8.2
During Test
96.8.2.1
96.8.3
Movement aberrations
96.8.3.1
96.8.4
Postural Imbalance
96.8.4.1
96.9
Alternate Testing Method
96.9.1
96.10
Graphic Illustration
96.11
Video Demonstration
96.12 Organ Reflexes
96.12.1
None
96.13
Meridian Association
96.13.1
96.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
96.14.1
96.15
Nutritional
96.15.1
96.16
General Discussion
96.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
97.1
Testing Position
97.1.1
97.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
97.2.1
97.3
Stabilization
97.3.1
97.4
Test
97.4.1
97.5
Pressure
97.5.1
97.6
Weakness
97.6.1
97.7
Shortness
97.7.1
97.8
Body Language of Weakness
97.8.1
Testing Position
97.8.1.1
97.8.2
During Test
97.8.2.1
97.8.3
Movement aberrations
97.8.3.1
97.8.4
Postural Imbalance
97.8.4.1
97.9
Alternate Testing Method
97.9.1
97.10
Graphic Illustration
97.11
Video Demonstration
97.12 Organ Reflexes
97.12.1
None
97.13
Meridian Association
97.13.1
97.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
97.14.1
97.15
Nutritional
97.15.1
97.16
General Discussion
97.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
98.1
Testing Position
98.1.1
98.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
98.2.1
98.3
Stabilization
98.3.1
98.4
Test
98.4.1
98.5
Pressure
98.5.1
98.6
Weakness
98.6.1
98.7
Shortness
98.7.1
98.8
Body Language of Weakness
98.8.1
Testing Position
98.8.1.1
98.8.2
During Test
98.8.2.1
98.8.3
Movement aberrations
98.8.3.1
98.8.4
Postural Imbalance
98.8.4.1
98.9
Alternate Testing Method
98.9.1
98.10
Graphic Illustration
98.11
Video Demonstration
98.12 Organ Reflexes
98.12.1
None
98.13
Meridian Association
98.13.1
98.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
98.14.1
98.15
Nutritional
98.15.1
98.16
General Discussion
98.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
99.1
Testing Position
99.1.1
99.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
99.2.1
99.3
Stabilization
99.3.1
99.4
Test
99.4.1
99.5
Pressure
99.5.1
99.6
Weakness
99.6.1
99.7
Shortness
99.7.1
99.8
Body Language of Weakness
99.8.1
Testing Position
99.8.1.1
99.8.2
During Test
99.8.2.1
99.8.3
Movement aberrations
99.8.3.1
99.8.4
Postural Imbalance
99.8.4.1
99.9
Alternate Testing Method
99.9.1
99.10
Graphic Illustration
99.11
Video Demonstration
99.12 Organ Reflexes
99.12.1
None
99.13
Meridian Association
99.13.1
99.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
99.14.1
99.15
Nutritional
99.15.1
99.16
General Discussion
99.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
100.1
Testing Position
100.1.1
100.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
100.2.1
100.3
Stabilization
100.3.1
100.4
Test
100.4.1
100.5
Pressure
100.5.1
100.6
Weakness
100.6.1
100.7
Shortness
100.7.1
100.8
Body Language of Weakness
100.8.1
Testing Position
100.8.1.1
100.8.2
During Test
100.8.2.1
100.8.3
Movement aberrations
100.8.3.1
100.8.4
Postural Imbalance
100.8.4.1
100.9
Alternate Testing Method
100.9.1
100.10
Graphic Illustration
100.11
Video Demonstration
100.12
Organ Reflexes
100.12.1
None
100.13
Meridian Association
100.13.1
100.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
100.14.1
100.15
Nutritional
100.15.1
100.16
General Discussion
100.16.1
101
QUADRICEPS
FEMORIS GENERAL
Back
Table of Contents References
101.1
Testing Position
101.1.1
101.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
101.2.1
101.3
Stabilization
101.3.1
101.4
Test
101.4.1
101.5
Pressure
101.5.1
101.6
Weakness
101.6.1
101.7
Shortness
101.7.1
101.8
Body Language of Weakness
101.8.1
Testing Position
101.8.1.1
101.8.2
During Test
101.8.2.1
101.8.3
Movement aberrations
101.8.3.1
101.8.4
Postural Imbalance
101.8.4.1
101.9
Alternate Testing Method
101.9.1
101.10
Graphic Illustration
101.11
Video Demonstration
101.12
Organ Reflexes
101.12.1
None
101.13
Meridian Association
101.13.1
101.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
101.14.1
101.15
Nutritional
101.15.1
101.16
General Discussion
101.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
102.1
Testing Position
102.1.1
102.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
102.2.1
102.3
Stabilization
102.3.1
102.4
Test
102.4.1
102.5
Pressure
102.5.1
102.6
Weakness
102.6.1
102.7
Shortness
102.7.1
102.8
Body Language of Weakness
102.8.1
Testing Position
102.8.1.1
102.8.2
During Test
102.8.2.1
102.8.3
Movement aberrations
102.8.3.1
102.8.4
Postural Imbalance
102.8.4.1
102.9
Alternate Testing Method
102.9.1
102.10
Graphic Illustration
102.11
Video Demonstration
102.12
Organ Reflexes
102.12.1
None
102.13
Meridian Association
102.13.1
102.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
102.14.1
102.15
Nutritional
102.15.1
102.16
General Discussion
102.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
103.1
Testing Position
103.1.1
103.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
103.2.1
103.3
Stabilization
103.3.1
103.4
Test
103.4.1
103.5
Pressure
103.5.1
103.6
Weakness
103.6.1
103.7
Shortness
103.7.1
103.8
Body Language of Weakness
103.8.1
Testing Position
103.8.1.1
103.8.2
During Test
103.8.2.1
103.8.3
Movement aberrations
103.8.3.1
103.8.4
Postural Imbalance
103.8.4.1
103.9
Alternate Testing Method
103.9.1
103.10
Graphic Illustration
103.11
Video Demonstration
103.12
Organ Reflexes
103.12.1
None
103.13
Meridian Association
103.13.1
103.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
103.14.1
103.15
Nutritional
103.15.1
103.16
General Discussion
103.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
104.1
Testing Position
104.1.1
104.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
104.2.1
104.3
Stabilization
104.3.1
104.4
Test
104.4.1
104.5
Pressure
104.5.1
104.6
Weakness
104.6.1
104.7
Shortness
104.7.1
104.8
Body Language of Weakness
104.8.1
Testing Position
104.8.1.1
104.8.2
During Test
104.8.2.1
104.8.3
Movement aberrations
104.8.3.1
104.8.4
Postural Imbalance
104.8.4.1
104.9
Alternate Testing Method
104.9.1
104.10
Graphic Illustration
104.11
Video Demonstration
104.12
Organ Reflexes
104.12.1
None
104.13
Meridian Association
104.13.1
104.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
104.14.1
104.15
Nutritional
104.15.1
104.16
General Discussion
104.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
105.1
Testing Position
105.1.1
105.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
105.2.1
105.3
Stabilization
105.3.1
105.4
Test
105.4.1
105.5
Pressure
105.5.1
105.6
Weakness
105.6.1
105.7
Shortness
105.7.1
105.8
Body Language of Weakness
105.8.1
Testing Position
105.8.1.1
105.8.2
During Test
105.8.2.1
105.8.3
Movement aberrations
105.8.3.1
105.8.4
Postural Imbalance
105.8.4.1
105.9
Alternate Testing Method
105.9.1
105.10
Graphic Illustration
105.11
Video Demonstration
105.12
Organ Reflexes
105.12.1
None
105.13
Meridian Association
105.13.1
105.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
105.14.1
105.15
Nutritional
105.15.1
105.16
General Discussion
105.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
106.1
Testing Position
106.1.1
106.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
106.2.1
106.3
Stabilization
106.3.1
106.4
Test
106.4.1
106.5
Pressure
106.5.1
106.6
Weakness
106.6.1
106.7
Shortness
106.7.1
106.8
Body Language of Weakness
106.8.1
Testing Position
106.8.1.1
106.8.2
During Test
106.8.2.1
106.8.3
Movement aberrations
106.8.3.1
106.8.4
Postural Imbalance
106.8.4.1
106.9
Alternate Testing Method
106.9.1
106.10
Graphic Illustration
106.11
Video Demonstration
106.12
Organ Reflexes
106.12.1
None
106.13
Meridian Association
106.13.1
106.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
106.14.1
106.15
Nutritional
106.15.1
106.16
General Discussion
106.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
107.1
Testing Position
107.1.1
107.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
107.2.1
107.3
Stabilization
107.3.1
107.4
Test
107.4.1
107.5
Pressure
107.5.1
107.6
Weakness
107.6.1
107.7
Shortness
107.7.1
107.8
Body Language of Weakness
107.8.1
Testing Position
107.8.1.1
107.8.2
During Test
107.8.2.1
107.8.3
Movement aberrations
107.8.3.1
107.8.4
Postural Imbalance
107.8.4.1
107.9
Alternate Testing Method
107.9.1
107.10
Graphic Illustration
107.11
Video Demonstration
107.12
Organ Reflexes
107.12.1
None
107.13
Meridian Association
107.13.1
107.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
107.14.1
107.15
Nutritional
107.15.1
107.16
General Discussion
107.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
108.1
Testing Position
108.1.1
108.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
108.2.1
108.3
Stabilization
108.3.1
108.4
Test
108.4.1
108.5
Pressure
108.5.1
108.6
Weakness
108.6.1
108.7
Shortness
108.7.1
108.8
Body Language of Weakness
108.8.1
Testing Position
108.8.1.1
108.8.2
During Test
108.8.2.1
108.8.3
Movement aberrations
108.8.3.1
108.8.4
Postural Imbalance
108.8.4.1
108.9
Alternate Testing Method
108.9.1
108.10
Graphic Illustration
108.11
Video Demonstration
108.12
Organ Reflexes
108.12.1
None
108.13
Meridian Association
108.13.1
108.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
108.14.1
108.15
Nutritional
108.15.1
108.16
General Discussion
108.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
109.1
Testing Position
109.1.1
109.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
109.2.1
109.3
Stabilization
109.3.1
109.4
Test
109.4.1
109.5
Pressure
109.5.1
109.6
Weakness
109.6.1
109.7
Shortness
109.7.1
109.8
Body Language of Weakness
109.8.1
Testing Position
109.8.1.1
109.8.2
During Test
109.8.2.1
109.8.3
Movement aberrations
109.8.3.1
109.8.4
Postural Imbalance
109.8.4.1
109.9
Alternate Testing Method
109.9.1
109.10
Graphic Illustration
109.11
Video Demonstration
109.12
Organ Reflexes
109.12.1
None
109.13
Meridian Association
109.13.1
109.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
109.14.1
109.15
Nutritional
109.15.1
109.16
General Discussion
109.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
110.1
Testing Position
110.1.1
110.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
110.2.1
110.3
Stabilization
110.3.1
110.4
Test
110.4.1
110.5
Pressure
110.5.1
110.6
Weakness
110.6.1
110.7
Shortness
110.7.1
110.8
Body Language of Weakness
110.8.1
Testing Position
110.8.1.1
110.8.2
During Test
110.8.2.1
110.8.3
Movement aberrations
110.8.3.1
110.8.4
Postural Imbalance
110.8.4.1
110.9
Alternate Testing Method
110.9.1
110.10
Graphic Illustration
110.11
Video Demonstration
110.12
Organ Reflexes
110.12.1
None
110.13
Meridian Association
110.13.1
110.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
110.14.1
110.15
Nutritional
110.15.1
110.16
General Discussion
110.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
111.1
Testing Position
111.1.1
111.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
111.2.1
111.3
Stabilization
111.3.1
111.4
Test
111.4.1
111.5
Pressure
111.5.1
111.6
Weakness
111.6.1
111.7
Shortness
111.7.1
111.8
Body Language of Weakness
111.8.1
Testing Position
111.8.1.1
111.8.2
During Test
111.8.2.1
111.8.3
Movement aberrations
111.8.3.1
111.8.4
Postural Imbalance
111.8.4.1
111.9
Alternate Testing Method
111.9.1
111.10
Graphic Illustration
111.11
Video Demonstration
111.12
Organ Reflexes
111.12.1
None
111.13
Meridian Association
111.13.1
111.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
111.14.1
111.15
Nutritional
111.15.1
111.16
General Discussion
111.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
112.1
Testing Position
112.1.1
112.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
112.2.1
112.3
Stabilization
112.3.1
112.4
Test
112.4.1
112.5
Pressure
112.5.1
112.6
Weakness
112.6.1
112.7
Shortness
112.7.1
112.8
Body Language of Weakness
112.8.1
Testing Position
112.8.1.1
112.8.2
During Test
112.8.2.1
112.8.3
Movement aberrations
112.8.3.1
112.8.4
Postural Imbalance
112.8.4.1
112.9
Alternate Testing Method
112.9.1
112.10
Graphic Illustration
112.11
Video Demonstration
112.12
Organ Reflexes
112.12.1
None
112.13
Meridian Association
112.13.1
112.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
112.14.1
112.15
Nutritional
112.15.1
112.16
General Discussion
112.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
113.1
Testing Position
113.1.1
113.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
113.2.1
113.3
Stabilization
113.3.1
113.4
Test
113.4.1
113.5
Pressure
113.5.1
113.6
Weakness
113.6.1
113.7
Shortness
113.7.1
113.8
Body Language of Weakness
113.8.1
Testing Position
113.8.1.1
113.8.2
During Test
113.8.2.1
113.8.3
Movement aberrations
113.8.3.1
113.8.4
Postural Imbalance
113.8.4.1
113.9
Alternate Testing Method
113.9.1
113.10
Graphic Illustration
113.11
Video Demonstration
113.12
Organ Reflexes
113.12.1
None
113.13
Meridian Association
113.13.1
113.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
113.14.1
113.15
Nutritional
113.15.1
113.16
General Discussion
113.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
114.1
Testing Position
114.1.1
114.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
114.2.1
114.3
Stabilization
114.3.1
114.4
Test
114.4.1
114.5
Pressure
114.5.1
114.6
Weakness
114.6.1
114.7
Shortness
114.7.1
114.8
Body Language of Weakness
114.8.1
Testing Position
114.8.1.1
114.8.2
During Test
114.8.2.1
114.8.3
Movement aberrations
114.8.3.1
114.8.4
Postural Imbalance
114.8.4.1
114.9
Alternate Testing Method
114.9.1
114.10
Graphic Illustration
114.11
Video Demonstration
114.12
Organ Reflexes
114.12.1
None
114.13
Meridian Association
114.13.1
114.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
114.14.1
114.15
Nutritional
114.15.1
114.16
General Discussion
114.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
115.1
Testing Position
115.1.1
115.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
115.2.1
115.3
Stabilization
115.3.1
115.4
Test
115.4.1
115.5
Pressure
115.5.1
115.6
Weakness
115.6.1
115.7
Shortness
115.7.1
115.8
Body Language of Weakness
115.8.1
Testing Position
115.8.1.1
115.8.2
During Test
115.8.2.1
115.8.3
Movement aberrations
115.8.3.1
115.8.4
Postural Imbalance
115.8.4.1
115.9
Alternate Testing Method
115.9.1
115.10
Graphic Illustration
115.11
Video Demonstration
115.12
Organ Reflexes
115.12.1
None
115.13
Meridian Association
115.13.1
115.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
115.14.1
115.15
Nutritional
115.15.1
115.16
General Discussion
115.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
116.1
Testing Position
116.1.1
116.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
116.2.1
116.3
Stabilization
116.3.1
116.4
Test
116.4.1
116.5
Pressure
116.5.1
116.6
Weakness
116.6.1
116.7
Shortness
116.7.1
116.8
Body Language of Weakness
116.8.1
Testing Position
116.8.1.1
116.8.2
During Test
116.8.2.1
116.8.3
Movement aberrations
116.8.3.1
116.8.4
Postural Imbalance
116.8.4.1
116.9
Alternate Testing Method
116.9.1
116.10
Graphic Illustration
116.11
Video Demonstration
116.12
Organ Reflexes
116.12.1
None
116.13
Meridian Association
116.13.1
116.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
116.14.1
116.15
Nutritional
116.15.1
116.16
General Discussion
116.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
117.1
Testing Position
117.1.1
117.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
117.2.1
117.3
Stabilization
117.3.1
117.4
Test
117.4.1
117.5
Pressure
117.5.1
117.6
Weakness
117.6.1
117.7
Shortness
117.7.1
117.8
Body Language of Weakness
117.8.1
Testing Position
117.8.1.1
117.8.2
During Test
117.8.2.1
117.8.3
Movement aberrations
117.8.3.1
117.8.4
Postural Imbalance
117.8.4.1
117.9
Alternate Testing Method
117.9.1
117.10
Graphic Illustration
117.11
Video Demonstration
117.12
Organ Reflexes
117.12.1
None
117.13
Meridian Association
117.13.1
117.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
117.14.1
117.15
Nutritional
117.15.1
117.16
General Discussion
117.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
118.1
Testing Position
118.1.1
118.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
118.2.1
118.3
Stabilization
118.3.1
118.4
Test
118.4.1
118.5
Pressure
118.5.1
118.6
Weakness
118.6.1
118.7
Shortness
118.7.1
118.8
Body Language of Weakness
118.8.1
Testing Position
118.8.1.1
118.8.2
During Test
118.8.2.1
118.8.3
Movement aberrations
118.8.3.1
118.8.4
Postural Imbalance
118.8.4.1
118.9
Alternate Testing Method
118.9.1
118.10
Graphic Illustration
118.11
Video Demonstration
118.12
Organ Reflexes
118.12.1
None
118.13
Meridian Association
118.13.1
118.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
118.14.1
118.15
Nutritional
118.15.1
118.16
General Discussion
118.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
119.1
Testing Position
119.1.1
119.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
119.2.1
119.3
Stabilization
119.3.1
119.4
Test
119.4.1
119.5
Pressure
119.5.1
119.6
Weakness
119.6.1
119.7
Shortness
119.7.1
119.8
Body Language of Weakness
119.8.1
Testing Position
119.8.1.1
119.8.2
During Test
119.8.2.1
119.8.3
Movement aberrations
119.8.3.1
119.8.4
Postural Imbalance
119.8.4.1
119.9
Alternate Testing Method
119.9.1
119.10
Graphic Illustration
119.11
Video Demonstration
119.12
Organ Reflexes
119.12.1
None
119.13
Meridian Association
119.13.1
119.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
119.14.1
119.15
Nutritional
119.15.1
119.16
General Discussion
119.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
120.1
Testing Position
120.1.1
120.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
120.2.1
120.3
Stabilization
120.3.1
120.4
Test
120.4.1
120.5
Pressure
120.5.1
120.6
Weakness
120.6.1
120.7
Shortness
120.7.1
120.8
Body Language of Weakness
120.8.1
Testing Position
120.8.1.1
120.8.2
During Test
120.8.2.1
120.8.3
Movement aberrations
120.8.3.1
120.8.4
Postural Imbalance
120.8.4.1
120.9
Alternate Testing Method
120.9.1
120.10
Graphic Illustration
120.11
Video Demonstration
120.12
Organ Reflexes
120.12.1
None
120.13
Meridian Association
120.13.1
120.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
120.14.1
120.15
Nutritional
120.15.1
120.16
General Discussion
120.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
121.1
Testing Position
121.1.1
121.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
121.2.1
121.3
Stabilization
121.3.1
121.4
Test
121.4.1
121.5
Pressure
121.5.1
121.6
Weakness
121.6.1
121.7
Shortness
121.7.1
121.8
Body Language of Weakness
121.8.1
Testing Position
121.8.1.1
121.8.2
During Test
121.8.2.1
121.8.3
Movement aberrations
121.8.3.1
121.8.4
Postural Imbalance
121.8.4.1
121.9
Alternate Testing Method
121.9.1
121.10
Graphic Illustration
121.11
Video Demonstration
121.12
Organ Reflexes
121.12.1
None
121.13
Meridian Association
121.13.1
121.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
121.14.1
121.15
Nutritional
121.15.1
121.16
General Discussion
121.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
122.1
Testing Position
122.1.1
122.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
122.2.1
122.3
Stabilization
122.3.1
122.4
Test
122.4.1
122.5
Pressure
122.5.1
122.6
Weakness
122.6.1
122.7
Shortness
122.7.1
122.8
Body Language of Weakness
122.8.1
Testing Position
122.8.1.1
122.8.2
During Test
122.8.2.1
122.8.3
Movement aberrations
122.8.3.1
122.8.4
Postural Imbalance
122.8.4.1
122.9
Alternate Testing Method
122.9.1
122.10
Graphic Illustration
122.11
Video Demonstration
122.12
Organ Reflexes
122.12.1
None
122.13
Meridian Association
122.13.1
122.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
122.14.1
122.15
Nutritional
122.15.1
122.16
General Discussion
122.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
123.1
Testing Position
123.1.1
123.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
123.2.1
123.3
Stabilization
123.3.1
123.4
Test
123.4.1
123.5
Pressure
123.5.1
123.6
Weakness
123.6.1
123.7
Shortness
123.7.1
123.8
Body Language of Weakness
123.8.1
Testing Position
123.8.1.1
123.8.2
During Test
123.8.2.1
123.8.3
Movement aberrations
123.8.3.1
123.8.4
Postural Imbalance
123.8.4.1
123.9
Alternate Testing Method
123.9.1
123.10
Graphic Illustration
123.11
Video Demonstration
123.12
Organ Reflexes
123.12.1
None
123.13
Meridian Association
123.13.1
123.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
123.14.1
123.15
Nutritional
123.15.1
123.16
General Discussion
123.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
124.1
Testing Position
124.1.1
124.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
124.2.1
124.3
Stabilization
124.3.1
124.4
Test
124.4.1
124.5
Pressure
124.5.1
124.6
Weakness
124.6.1
124.7
Shortness
124.7.1
124.8
Body Language of Weakness
124.8.1
Testing Position
124.8.1.1
124.8.2
During Test
124.8.2.1
124.8.3
Movement aberrations
124.8.3.1
124.8.4
Postural Imbalance
124.8.4.1
124.9
Alternate Testing Method
124.9.1
124.10
Graphic Illustration
124.11
Video Demonstration
124.12
Organ Reflexes
124.12.1
None
124.13
Meridian Association
124.13.1
124.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
124.14.1
124.15
Nutritional
124.15.1
124.16
General Discussion
124.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
125.1
Testing Position
125.1.1
125.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
125.2.1
125.3
Stabilization
125.3.1
125.4
Test
125.4.1
125.5
Pressure
125.5.1
125.6
Weakness
125.6.1
125.7
Shortness
125.7.1
125.8
Body Language of Weakness
125.8.1
Testing Position
125.8.1.1
125.8.2
During Test
125.8.2.1
125.8.3
Movement aberrations
125.8.3.1
125.8.4
Postural Imbalance
125.8.4.1
125.9
Alternate Testing Method
125.9.1
125.10
Graphic Illustration
125.11
Video Demonstration
125.12
Organ Reflexes
125.12.1
None
125.13
Meridian Association
125.13.1
125.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
125.14.1
125.15
Nutritional
125.15.1
125.16
General Discussion
125.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
126.1
Testing Position
126.1.1
126.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
126.2.1
126.3
Stabilization
126.3.1
126.4
Test
126.4.1
126.5
Pressure
126.5.1
126.6
Weakness
126.6.1
126.7
Shortness
126.7.1
126.8
Body Language of Weakness
126.8.1
Testing Position
126.8.1.1
126.8.2
During Test
126.8.2.1
126.8.3
Movement aberrations
126.8.3.1
126.8.4
Postural Imbalance
126.8.4.1
126.9
Alternate Testing Method
126.9.1
126.10
Graphic Illustration
126.11
Video Demonstration
126.12
Organ Reflexes
126.12.1
None
126.13
Meridian Association
126.13.1
126.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
126.14.1
126.15
Nutritional
126.15.1
126.16
General Discussion
126.16.1
127
SOLEUS
Back
Table of Contents References
127.1
Testing Position
127.1.1
127.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
127.2.1
127.3
Stabilization
127.3.1
127.4
Test
127.4.1
127.5
Pressure
127.5.1
127.6
Weakness
127.6.1
127.7
Shortness
127.7.1
127.8
Body Language of Weakness
127.8.1
Testing Position
127.8.1.1
127.8.2
During Test
127.8.2.1
127.8.3
Movement aberrations
127.8.3.1
127.8.4
Postural Imbalance
127.8.4.1
127.9
Alternate Testing Method
127.9.1
127.10
Graphic Illustration
127.11
Video Demonstration
127.12
Organ Reflexes
127.12.1
None
127.13
Meridian Association
127.13.1
127.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
127.14.1
127.15
Nutritional
127.15.1
127.16
General Discussion
127.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
128.1
Testing Position
128.1.1
128.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
128.2.1
128.3
Stabilization
128.3.1
128.4
Test
128.4.1
128.5
Pressure
128.5.1
128.6
Weakness
128.6.1
128.7
Shortness
128.7.1
128.8
Body Language of Weakness
128.8.1
Testing Position
128.8.1.1
128.8.2
During Test
128.8.2.1
128.8.3
Movement aberrations
128.8.3.1
128.8.4
Postural Imbalance
128.8.4.1
128.9
Alternate Testing Method
128.9.1
128.10
Graphic Illustration
128.11
Video Demonstration
128.12
Organ Reflexes
128.12.1
None
128.13
Meridian Association
128.13.1
128.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
128.14.1
128.15
Nutritional
128.15.1
128.16
General Discussion
128.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
129.1
Testing Position
129.1.1
129.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
129.2.1
129.3
Stabilization
129.3.1
129.4
Test
129.4.1
129.5
Pressure
129.5.1
129.6
Weakness
129.6.1
129.7
Shortness
129.7.1
129.8
Body Language of Weakness
129.8.1
Testing Position
129.8.1.1
129.8.2
During Test
129.8.2.1
129.8.3
Movement aberrations
129.8.3.1
129.8.4
Postural Imbalance
129.8.4.1
129.9
Alternate Testing Method
129.9.1
129.10
Graphic Illustration
129.11
Video Demonstration
129.12
Organ Reflexes
129.12.1
None
129.13
Meridian Association
129.13.1
129.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
129.14.1
129.15
Nutritional
129.15.1
129.16
General Discussion
129.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
130.1
Testing Position
130.1.1
130.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
130.2.1
130.3
Stabilization
130.3.1
130.4
Test
130.4.1
130.5
Pressure
130.5.1
130.6
Weakness
130.6.1
130.7
Shortness
130.7.1
130.8
Body Language of Weakness
130.8.1
Testing Position
130.8.1.1
130.8.2
During Test
130.8.2.1
130.8.3
Movement aberrations
130.8.3.1
130.8.4
Postural Imbalance
130.8.4.1
130.9
Alternate Testing Method
130.9.1
130.10
Graphic Illustration
130.11
Video Demonstration
130.12
Organ Reflexes
130.12.1
None
130.13
Meridian Association
130.13.1
130.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
130.14.1
130.15
Nutritional
130.15.1
130.16
General Discussion
130.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
131.1
Testing Position
131.1.1
131.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
131.2.1
131.3
Stabilization
131.3.1
131.4
Test
131.4.1
131.5
Pressure
131.5.1
131.6
Weakness
131.6.1
131.7
Shortness
131.7.1
131.8
Body Language of Weakness
131.8.1
Testing Position
131.8.1.1
131.8.2
During Test
131.8.2.1
131.8.3
Movement aberrations
131.8.3.1
131.8.4
Postural Imbalance
131.8.4.1
131.9
Alternate Testing Method
131.9.1
131.10
Graphic Illustration
131.11
Video Demonstration
131.12
Organ Reflexes
131.12.1
None
131.13
Meridian Association
131.13.1
131.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
131.14.1
131.15
Nutritional
131.15.1
131.16
General Discussion
131.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
132.1
Testing Position
132.1.1
132.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
132.2.1
132.3
Stabilization
132.3.1
132.4
Test
132.4.1
132.5
Pressure
132.5.1
132.6
Weakness
132.6.1
132.7
Shortness
132.7.1
132.8
Body Language of Weakness
132.8.1
Testing Position
132.8.1.1
132.8.2
During Test
132.8.2.1
132.8.3
Movement aberrations
132.8.3.1
132.8.4
Postural Imbalance
132.8.4.1
132.9
Alternate Testing Method
132.9.1
132.10
Graphic Illustration
132.11
Video Demonstration
132.12
Organ Reflexes
132.12.1
None
132.13
Meridian Association
132.13.1
132.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
132.14.1
132.15
Nutritional
132.15.1
132.16
General Discussion
132.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
133.1
Testing Position
133.1.1
133.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
133.2.1
133.3
Stabilization
133.3.1
133.4
Test
133.4.1
133.5
Pressure
133.5.1
133.6
Weakness
133.6.1
133.7
Shortness
133.7.1
133.8
Body Language of Weakness
133.8.1
Testing Position
133.8.1.1
133.8.2
During Test
133.8.2.1
133.8.3
Movement aberrations
133.8.3.1
133.8.4
Postural Imbalance
133.8.4.1
133.9
Alternate Testing Method
133.9.1
133.10
Graphic Illustration
133.11
Video Demonstration
133.12
Organ Reflexes
133.12.1
None
133.13
Meridian Association
133.13.1
133.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
133.14.1
133.15
Nutritional
133.15.1
133.16
General Discussion
133.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
134.1
Testing Position
134.1.1
134.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
134.2.1
134.3
Stabilization
134.3.1
134.4
Test
134.4.1
134.5
Pressure
134.5.1
134.6
Weakness
134.6.1
134.7
Shortness
134.7.1
134.8
Body Language of Weakness
134.8.1
Testing Position
134.8.1.1
134.8.2
During Test
134.8.2.1
134.8.3
Movement aberrations
134.8.3.1
134.8.4
Postural Imbalance
134.8.4.1
134.9
Alternate Testing Method
134.9.1
134.10
Graphic Illustration
134.11
Video Demonstration
134.12
Organ Reflexes
134.12.1
None
134.13
Meridian Association
134.13.1
134.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
134.14.1
134.15
Nutritional
134.15.1
134.16
General Discussion
134.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
135.1
Testing Position
135.1.1
135.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
135.2.1
135.3
Stabilization
135.3.1
135.4
Test
135.4.1
135.5
Pressure
135.5.1
135.6
Weakness
135.6.1
135.7
Shortness
135.7.1
135.8
Body Language of Weakness
135.8.1
Testing Position
135.8.1.1
135.8.2
During Test
135.8.2.1
135.8.3
Movement aberrations
135.8.3.1
135.8.4
Postural Imbalance
135.8.4.1
135.9
Alternate Testing Method
135.9.1
135.10
Graphic Illustration
135.11
Video Demonstration
135.12
Organ Reflexes
135.12.1
None
135.13
Meridian Association
135.13.1
135.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
135.14.1
135.15
Nutritional
135.15.1
135.16
General Discussion
135.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
136.1
Testing Position
136.1.1
136.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
136.2.1
136.3
Stabilization
136.3.1
136.4
Test
136.4.1
136.5
Pressure
136.5.1
136.6
Weakness
136.6.1
136.7
Shortness
136.7.1
136.8
Body Language of Weakness
136.8.1
Testing Position
136.8.1.1
136.8.2
During Test
136.8.2.1
136.8.3
Movement aberrations
136.8.3.1
136.8.4
Postural Imbalance
136.8.4.1
136.9
Alternate Testing Method
136.9.1
136.10
Graphic Illustration
136.11
Video Demonstration
136.12
Organ Reflexes
136.12.1
None
136.13
Meridian Association
136.13.1
136.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
136.14.1
136.15
Nutritional
136.15.1
136.16
General Discussion
136.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
137.1
Testing Position
137.1.1
137.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
137.2.1
137.3
Stabilization
137.3.1
137.4
Test
137.4.1
137.5
Pressure
137.5.1
137.6
Weakness
137.6.1
137.7
Shortness
137.7.1
137.8
Body Language of Weakness
137.8.1
Testing Position
137.8.1.1
137.8.2
During Test
137.8.2.1
137.8.3
Movement aberrations
137.8.3.1
137.8.4
Postural Imbalance
137.8.4.1
137.9
Alternate Testing Method
137.9.1
137.10
Graphic Illustration
137.11
Video Demonstration
137.12
Organ Reflexes
137.12.1
None
137.13
Meridian Association
137.13.1
137.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
137.14.1
137.15
Nutritional
137.15.1
137.16
General Discussion
137.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
138.1
Testing Position
138.1.1
138.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
138.2.1
138.3
Stabilization
138.3.1
138.4
Test
138.4.1
138.5
Pressure
138.5.1
138.6
Weakness
138.6.1
138.7
Shortness
138.7.1
138.8
Body Language of Weakness
138.8.1
Testing Position
138.8.1.1
138.8.2
During Test
138.8.2.1
138.8.3
Movement aberrations
138.8.3.1
138.8.4
Postural Imbalance
138.8.4.1
138.9
Alternate Testing Method
138.9.1
138.10
Graphic Illustration
138.11
Video Demonstration
138.12
Organ Reflexes
138.12.1
None
138.13
Meridian Association
138.13.1
138.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
138.14.1
138.15
Nutritional
138.15.1
138.16
General Discussion
138.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
139.1
Testing Position
139.1.1
139.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
139.2.1
139.3
Stabilization
139.3.1
139.4
Test
139.4.1
139.5
Pressure
139.5.1
139.6
Weakness
139.6.1
139.7
Shortness
139.7.1
139.8
Body Language of Weakness
139.8.1
Testing Position
139.8.1.1
139.8.2
During Test
139.8.2.1
139.8.3
Movement aberrations
139.8.3.1
139.8.4
Postural Imbalance
139.8.4.1
139.9
Alternate Testing Method
139.9.1
139.10
Graphic Illustration
139.11
Video Demonstration
139.12
Organ Reflexes
139.12.1
None
139.13
Meridian Association
139.13.1
139.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
139.14.1
139.15
Nutritional
139.15.1
139.16
General Discussion
139.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
140.1
Testing Position
140.1.1
140.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
140.2.1
140.3
Stabilization
140.3.1
140.4
Test
140.4.1
140.5
Pressure
140.5.1
140.6
Weakness
140.6.1
140.7
Shortness
140.7.1
140.8
Body Language of Weakness
140.8.1
Testing Position
140.8.1.1
140.8.2
During Test
140.8.2.1
140.8.3
Movement aberrations
140.8.3.1
140.8.4
Postural Imbalance
140.8.4.1
140.9
Alternate Testing Method
140.9.1
140.10
Graphic Illustration
140.11
Video Demonstration
140.12
Organ Reflexes
140.12.1
None
140.13
Meridian Association
140.13.1
140.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
140.14.1
140.15
Nutritional
140.15.1
140.16
General Discussion
140.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
141.1
Testing Position
141.1.1
141.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
141.2.1
141.3
Stabilization
141.3.1
141.4
Test
141.4.1
141.5
Pressure
141.5.1
141.6
Weakness
141.6.1
141.7
Shortness
141.7.1
141.8
Body Language of Weakness
141.8.1
Testing Position
141.8.1.1
141.8.2
During Test
141.8.2.1
141.8.3
Movement aberrations
141.8.3.1
141.8.4
Postural Imbalance
141.8.4.1
141.9
Alternate Testing Method
141.9.1
141.10
Graphic Illustration
141.11
Video Demonstration
141.12
Organ Reflexes
141.12.1
None
141.13
Meridian Association
141.13.1
141.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
141.14.1
141.15
Nutritional
141.15.1
141.16
General Discussion
141.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
142.1
Testing Position
142.1.1
142.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
142.2.1
142.3
Stabilization
142.3.1
142.4
Test
142.4.1
142.5
Pressure
142.5.1
142.6
Weakness
142.6.1
142.7
Shortness
142.7.1
142.8
Body Language of Weakness
142.8.1
Testing Position
142.8.1.1
142.8.2
During Test
142.8.2.1
142.8.3
Movement aberrations
142.8.3.1
142.8.4
Postural Imbalance
142.8.4.1
142.9
Alternate Testing Method
142.9.1
142.10
Graphic Illustration
142.11
Video Demonstration
142.12
Organ Reflexes
142.12.1
None
142.13
Meridian Association
142.13.1
142.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
142.14.1
142.15
Nutritional
142.15.1
142.16
General Discussion
142.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
143.1
Testing Position
143.1.1
143.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
143.2.1
143.3
Stabilization
143.3.1
143.4
Test
143.4.1
143.5
Pressure
143.5.1
143.6
Weakness
143.6.1
143.7
Shortness
143.7.1
143.8
Body Language of Weakness
143.8.1
Testing Position
143.8.1.1
143.8.2
During Test
143.8.2.1
143.8.3
Movement aberrations
143.8.3.1
143.8.4
Postural Imbalance
143.8.4.1
143.9
Alternate Testing Method
143.9.1
143.10
Graphic Illustration
143.11
Video Demonstration
143.12
Organ Reflexes
143.12.1
None
143.13
Meridian Association
143.13.1
143.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
143.14.1
143.15
Nutritional
143.15.1
143.16
General Discussion
143.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
144.1
Testing Position
144.1.1
144.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
144.2.1
144.3
Stabilization
144.3.1
144.4
Test
144.4.1
144.5
Pressure
144.5.1
144.6
Weakness
144.6.1
144.7
Shortness
144.7.1
144.8
Body Language of Weakness
144.8.1
Testing Position
144.8.1.1
144.8.2
During Test
144.8.2.1
144.8.3
Movement aberrations
144.8.3.1
144.8.4
Postural Imbalance
144.8.4.1
144.9
Alternate Testing Method
144.9.1
144.10
Graphic Illustration
144.11
Video Demonstration
144.12
Organ Reflexes
144.12.1
None
144.13
Meridian Association
144.13.1
144.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
144.14.1
144.15
Nutritional
144.15.1
144.16
General Discussion
144.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
145.1
Testing Position
145.1.1
145.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
145.2.1
145.3
Stabilization
145.3.1
145.4
Test
145.4.1
145.5
Pressure
145.5.1
145.6
Weakness
145.6.1
145.7
Shortness
145.7.1
145.8
Body Language of Weakness
145.8.1
Testing Position
145.8.1.1
145.8.2
During Test
145.8.2.1
145.8.3
Movement aberrations
145.8.3.1
145.8.4
Postural Imbalance
145.8.4.1
145.9
Alternate Testing Method
145.9.1
145.10
Graphic Illustration
145.11
Video Demonstration
145.12
Organ Reflexes
145.12.1
None
145.13
Meridian Association
145.13.1
145.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
145.14.1
145.15
Nutritional
145.15.1
145.16
General Discussion
145.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
146.1
Testing Position
146.1.1
146.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
146.2.1
146.3
Stabilization
146.3.1
146.4
Test
146.4.1
146.5
Pressure
146.5.1
146.6
Weakness
146.6.1
146.7
Shortness
146.7.1
146.8
Body Language of Weakness
146.8.1
Testing Position
146.8.1.1
146.8.2
During Test
146.8.2.1
146.8.3
Movement aberrations
146.8.3.1
146.8.4
Postural Imbalance
146.8.4.1
146.9
Alternate Testing Method
146.9.1
146.10
Graphic Illustration
146.11
Video Demonstration
146.12
Organ Reflexes
146.12.1
None
146.13
Meridian Association
146.13.1
146.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
146.14.1
146.15
Nutritional
146.15.1
146.16
General Discussion
146.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
147.1
Testing Position
147.1.1
147.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
147.2.1
147.3
Stabilization
147.3.1
147.4
Test
147.4.1
147.5
Pressure
147.5.1
147.6
Weakness
147.6.1
147.7
Shortness
147.7.1
147.8
Body Language of Weakness
147.8.1
Testing Position
147.8.1.1
147.8.2
During Test
147.8.2.1
147.8.3
Movement aberrations
147.8.3.1
147.8.4
Postural Imbalance
147.8.4.1
147.9
Alternate Testing Method
147.9.1
147.10
Graphic Illustration
147.11
Video Demonstration
147.12
Organ Reflexes
147.12.1
None
147.13
Meridian Association
147.13.1
147.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
147.14.1
147.15
Nutritional
147.15.1
147.16
General Discussion
147.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
148.1
Testing Position
148.1.1
148.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
148.2.1
148.3
Stabilization
148.3.1
148.4
Test
148.4.1
148.5
Pressure
148.5.1
148.6
Weakness
148.6.1
148.7
Shortness
148.7.1
148.8
Body Language of Weakness
148.8.1
Testing Position
148.8.1.1
148.8.2
During Test
148.8.2.1
148.8.3
Movement aberrations
148.8.3.1
148.8.4
Postural Imbalance
148.8.4.1
148.9
Alternate Testing Method
148.9.1
148.10
Graphic Illustration
148.11
Video Demonstration
148.12
Organ Reflexes
148.12.1
None
148.13
Meridian Association
148.13.1
148.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
148.14.1
148.15
Nutritional
148.15.1
148.16
General Discussion
148.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
149.1
Testing Position
149.1.1
149.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
149.2.1
149.3
Stabilization
149.3.1
149.4
Test
149.4.1
149.5
Pressure
149.5.1
149.6
Weakness
149.6.1
149.7
Shortness
149.7.1
149.8
Body Language of Weakness
149.8.1
Testing Position
149.8.1.1
149.8.2
During Test
149.8.2.1
149.8.3
Movement aberrations
149.8.3.1
149.8.4
Postural Imbalance
149.8.4.1
149.9
Alternate Testing Method
149.9.1
149.10
Graphic Illustration
149.11
Video Demonstration
149.12
Organ Reflexes
149.12.1
None
149.13
Meridian Association
149.13.1
149.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
149.14.1
149.15
Nutritional
149.15.1
149.16
General Discussion
149.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
150.1
Testing Position
150.1.1
150.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
150.2.1
150.3
Stabilization
150.3.1
150.4
Test
150.4.1
150.5
Pressure
150.5.1
150.6
Weakness
150.6.1
150.7
Shortness
150.7.1
150.8
Body Language of Weakness
150.8.1
Testing Position
150.8.1.1
150.8.2
During Test
150.8.2.1
150.8.3
Movement aberrations
150.8.3.1
150.8.4
Postural Imbalance
150.8.4.1
150.9
Alternate Testing Method
150.9.1
150.10
Graphic Illustration
150.11
Video Demonstration
150.12
Organ Reflexes
150.12.1
None
150.13
Meridian Association
150.13.1
150.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
150.14.1
150.15
Nutritional
150.15.1
150.16
General Discussion
150.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
151.1
Testing Position
151.1.1
151.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
151.2.1
151.3
Stabilization
151.3.1
151.4
Test
151.4.1
151.5
Pressure
151.5.1
151.6
Weakness
151.6.1
151.7
Shortness
151.7.1
151.8
Body Language of Weakness
151.8.1
Testing Position
151.8.1.1
151.8.2
During Test
151.8.2.1
151.8.3
Movement aberrations
151.8.3.1
151.8.4
Postural Imbalance
151.8.4.1
151.9
Alternate Testing Method
151.9.1
151.10
Graphic Illustration
151.11
Video Demonstration
151.12
Organ Reflexes
151.12.1
None
151.13
Meridian Association
151.13.1
151.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
151.14.1
151.15
Nutritional
151.15.1
151.16
General Discussion
151.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
152.1
Testing Position
152.1.1
152.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
152.2.1
152.3
Stabilization
152.3.1
152.4
Test
152.4.1
152.5
Pressure
152.5.1
152.6
Weakness
152.6.1
152.7
Shortness
152.7.1
152.8
Body Language of Weakness
152.8.1
Testing Position
152.8.1.1
152.8.2
During Test
152.8.2.1
152.8.3
Movement aberrations
152.8.3.1
152.8.4
Postural Imbalance
152.8.4.1
152.9
Alternate Testing Method
152.9.1
152.10
Graphic Illustration
152.11
Video Demonstration
152.12
Organ Reflexes
152.12.1
None
152.13
Meridian Association
152.13.1
152.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
152.14.1
152.15
Nutritional
152.15.1
152.16
General Discussion
152.16.1
Back
Table of Contents References
153.1
Testing Position
153.1.1
153.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
153.2.1
153.3
Stabilization
153.3.1
153.4
Test
153.4.1
153.5
Pressure
153.5.1
153.6
Weakness
153.6.1
153.7
Shortness
153.7.1
153.8
Body Language of Weakness
153.8.1
Testing Position
153.8.1.1
153.8.2
During Test
153.8.2.1
153.8.3
Movement aberrations
153.8.3.1
153.8.4
Postural Imbalance
153.8.4.1
153.9
Alternate Testing Method
153.9.1
153.10
Graphic Illustration
153.11
Video Demonstration
153.12
Organ Reflexes
153.12.1
None
153.13
Meridian Association
153.13.1
153.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
153.14.1
153.15
Nutritional
153.15.1
153.16
General Discussion
153.16.1
154
Back
Table of Contents References
154.1
Testing Position
154.1.1
154.2
Patient Fixation Requirements
154.2.1
154.3
Stabilization
154.3.1
154.4
Test
154.4.1
154.5
Pressure
154.5.1
154.6
Weakness
154.6.1
154.7
Shortness
154.7.1
154.8
Body Language of Weakness
154.8.1
Testing Position
154.8.1.1
154.8.2
During Test
154.8.2.1
154.8.3
Movement aberrations
154.8.3.1
154.8.4
Postural Imbalance
154.8.4.1
154.9
Alternate Testing Method
154.9.1
154.10
Graphic Illustration
154.11
Video Demonstration
154.12
Organ Reflexes
154.12.1
None
154.13
Meridian Association
154.13.1
154.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
154.14.1
154.15
Nutritional
154.15.1
154.16
General Discussion
154.16.1
155